Governments may be able to mobilize funding through debt swaps, where donors exchange debt for local currency investment in environmental protection, such as waste water treatment.

New and innovative funding mechanisms are also required, such as debt swaps and increased opportunities for microfinance.

Money market funds from the United States are returning, albeit cautiously, to resume funding of European bank debt.

The response must include significantly increased funding to the health sector from domestic and international sources, including debt relief.

Indeed, this financial repression tax on domestic savers remains a huge opaque source of funding for India s debt ridden government.

These are highly leveraged businesses, typically funding their balance sheets with no more than 5 equity (and thus 95 debt).

Such new funding needs to be non debt creating, additional to existing development aid flows and channelled directly to recipient countries and, where appropriate, should utilize public private partnerships seeded by donor funding.

Furthermore, the debt burden neutralizes the mobilization of funding for commodity exports, which are constantly depreciating because of inequitable terms of trade.

The obstacles faced by the developing countries included their lack of resources, their debt burden, and the decline in international funding for programmes.

The European Central Bank has provided a great deal of emergency liquidity funding to banks, which they use to buy even more government debt.

Banks themselves, however, are the heaviest borrowers, routinely funding more than 90 and sometimes more than 95 of their investments by taking on debt.

Instead, they focused exclusively on US foreign debt, ignoring household debt (mortgage and consumer debt), public debt, business debt, and financial debt.

Now not only they had to keep spending on all their entitlements, but now the cost of funding that existing debt that they already had and the new debt that they had to do to keep spending at that rate, the cost of that debt itself went up.

But there is an important caveat, which has largely been ignored in public discussions if this funding is senior to private debt (as IMF funding typically is), it will be harder for these countries to regain access to markets.

We took the decision to earmark 8 per cent of funds stemming from the cancellation of external debt for the funding of our protected area system.

Funding

Debt sustainability and debt relief

A cast iron mechanism to ensure that the debt build up does not continue forever is appealing as a way of withstanding increasingly fraught competition for funding.

Ironically, today s pain stems from one of the great successes that emerging economies have achieved the reduction of foreign currency funding in favor of local currency debt.

In a globalized world, developing countries, particularly the small vulnerable economies, needed increased ODA, debt relief measures, international trade liberalization and consideration of new sources of funding.

Funding modalities voluntary funding, assessed contributions and negotiated replenishments

Humanitarian funding remains a highly inequitable source of funding.

B. External debt and debt relief

Extrabudgetary funding

Programme funding

Funding targets

Funding commitments

E. Funding

Funding requirements

(interim funding)

VI. FUNDING

Funding? No.

Banks capital simply refers to their equity funding how much of their liabilities are owned by shareholders rather than being owed to creditors as some form of debt.

The new Basel III package of global banking reforms may increase funding costs further for some borrowers, while reducing the availability of finance, especially for longer term debt.

The workshop calls on country Parties to promote diversified sources of funding for desertification control activities and in particular the recycling of the debt of African country Parties.

More debt relief encompassing more countries and more debt (including bilateral debt) is needed.

funding for this program is provided by additional funding provided by

Debt

Such a debt strategy should include debt cancellation.

Appropriation and funding

Funding and Resources

Health care funding

Sources of funding

Potential funding sources

V. Extrabudgetary funding