So an independent fiscal authority modeled along the lines of an independent central bank is neither feasible nor desirable.

By this, he meant an open economy that ensures the free flow of goods, labor, and capital, together with a disciplined central fiscal authority and a strong central bank.

The need for the Palestinian Authority to adhere to the reform agenda and to re establish fiscal discipline was a central theme of the meeting.

What is needed are constraints on fiscal policy by each country, not a supranational fiscal authority.

Portugal stated that the designated central authority was

Ecuador stated that it designated the Procurator General of the Nation as its central authority. Egypt stated that its central authority was as follows

Cyprus stated that its central authority was as follows

Jamaica stated that its central authority was as follows

Morocco stated that its central authority was as follows

Myanmar stated that its central authority was as follows

Namibia stated that its central authority was as follows

Turkey stated that its central authority was as follows

In Europe, the outgoing head of the European Central Bank recommends more centralized fiscal authority in Europe in order to deal with likely defaults by one or more of Greece, Portugal, and Spain.

The Central Bank also has such an authority under Regulation 5.

The case for returning fiscal responsibility to national authorities is also strong and not only because centralized fiscal authority has proved to be so inefficient.

The restoration of central authority has been going on for some time.

They depend on the stabilizing functions that central banks and countercyclical fiscal policy provide.

Previously, the Central Statistical Bureau issued statistical tables based on fiscal lists (ревизские списки).

To state the problem more generally, the eurozone requires a liquidity backstop for its fiscal authority.

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia stated that the central authority for receiving requests for mutual legal assistance would be the Ministry of Justice. Tunisia stated that its central authority was as follows

(c) property of the central bank or other monetary authority of the State

It has created a central authority serving as an umbrella for diverse organizations.

We wish to see the full consolidation of authority by the central Government.

They need central banks and fiscal institutions to avert financial panics and moderate business cycles.

The Cook Islands stated that the Attorney General had been designated the central authority that would have responsibility and power to receive requests for mutual legal assistance. Costa Rica stated that it did not have a central authority designated to receive, respond to and process requests for mutual legal assistance. Croatia stated that its central authority was as follows

Germany and the European Central Bank are pushing aggressively for early fiscal austerity the United States is worried about the risks of excessively early fiscal consolidation.

Then came the financial crisis, with the central government adopting fiscal stimulus and relaxing monetary policy.

In the absence of an international fiscal authority, the IMF is the organization that comes closest to being one.

Likewise, fiscal union means giving the European Commission (or, alternatively, a European Treasury) the authority to veto national budgets.

Romania stated that its central authority designated to receive requests for assistance was as follows

Strong central institutions, responsible to a directly elected parliament, are needed to coordinate fiscal and economic policies.

At the same time, finance takes on quasi fiscal functions by excluding government fiscal deposits government deposits in the national treasury, commercial banks fiscal savings, and central treasury cash managed through commercial bank deposits from the money supply.

The EU needs some fiscal authority of its own if it is to make Europe s economic and monetary union work.

Slovenia stated that the central authority would be the Ministry of Justice. South Africa stated that the Director General of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development had been designated the central authority to receive requests for mutual legal assistance

Despite these initial steps, a fiscal crisis within the Palestinian Authority required emergency budget support towards the end of the year.

Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran s Supreme Leader, has made an uncompromising nuclear policy central to his domestic authority.

Malta stated that it designated the Attorney General the central authority to receive requests for mutual assistance

The municipality, as central authority, designates the agency that will monitor compliance, in practice often the police.

The importance of designating a central authority, in accordance with the Organized Crime Convention, was also underscored.

Spain stated that its central authority designated to receive, respond to and process requests for mutual legal assistance was the Ministry of Justice. Sweden stated that the central authority in Sweden competent to receive requests for mutual assistance was the Ministry of Justice

STANFORD While central governments fiscal problems plague many economies, a parallel crisis is enveloping many subnational governments around the world.

And it would interfere much less with national sovereignty than would the subordination of fiscal policies to an EU or eurozone wide authority.

With the exception of Central America, rising commodity prices have improved the external accounts and fiscal positions of Latin American countries.

Rather than fiscal stimulation and control, the main tool of economic management nowadays is monetary policies conducted by independent central banks.

Although fiscal expansion may have played a role in this success, central bank intervention was the most important component by far.