After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the necessity that had been driving containment disappeared.

So it should surprise no one that containment is coming to dominate Asian diplomatic discourse.

The American government's response to this announcement was the adoption of containment, the goal of which was to stop the spread of communism.

The US, like Australia, denies that all of this adds up to a policy of containment aimed at China.

Containment, not Appeasement

Bush was portrayed as facing down a new Hitler with Churchillian resolve, and advocates of containment were accused of appeasement.

Containment s goal was to prevent Soviet expansion without saddling the US with unsustainable military obligations.

But these earlier disputes occurred within a very different geopolitical context the Cold War and the bygone intellectual and political framework of containment.

Containment Begins at Home

The Containment Debate, Round Two

Nonetheless, in hindsight, containment infused an order and organization on US foreign policy that is absent today.

That strategy is containment.

The US, like Australia, denies that all of this adds up to a policy of containment aimed at China. But few in the Western Pacific see it that way.

President John F. Kennedy s insistence, against much advice, on containment during the Cuban missile crisis saved the world from nuclear war.

Its leaders will again suggest that a policy of containment is being pursued, and that this Cold War strategic concept is inimical to peaceful development in the Western Pacific.

Others deemed this to be too dangerous in an era defined by nuclear weapons, and the US opted instead for a policy of containment, working to limit the reach of Soviet power and influence.

In the 1952 presidential election campaign, Dwight Eisenhower and his future secretary of state, John Foster Dulles, heaped scorn on containment, calling instead for a rollback of the Soviets in Eastern Europe.

When containment has been abandoned, America has paid a high price.

America might speak the language of cooperation, but its real game is containment.

But now we know that the containment regime worked.

Containment against Libya was not appeasement.

Vietnam was America s costliest departure from containment.

Containment is hardly a relic of the Cold War.

When we recall the Cold War, it is important to remember that America's strategy of containment combined the deterrent of its hard military power with the attractiveness of its soft cultural power, which eroded confidence and belief in Communism behind the Iron Curtain.

Moreover, containment would undermine India s energy interests.

Measurements were made when the warheads were in various levels of containment and shielding.

After the fall of the Berlin Wall, the necessity that had been driving containment disappeared. The US, inebriated by victory, saw in the triumph over the Soviet bloc another sign of its exceptionalism, and found itself taken in by the mirage that its Cold War success was itself a strategy.

However logical or attractive a containment policy might be, and however disastrous the consequences of bombing are likely to be, Obama s commitment to realizing global denuclearization as part of his legacy implies that he will not allow another country to acquire a nuclear weapon on his watch, as his predecessors allowed India, Israel, North Korea, and Pakistan to do.

Containment, it should be recalled, was organized against a Soviet totalitarian regime that was not only ideologically aggressive and in the process of consolidating its colonization of Eastern Europe (as well as Japan s Northern Territories), but also deliberately sealed off from the wider world economy.

(a) Containment Sites or facilities, fixed or mobile, meeting the criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) of high or maximum containment for work with human and animal pathogens, or with containment for working with plant diseases

The other alternative to a rebirth of containment would consist in accepting the Russian argument, or more precisely, Russian emotions.

This important dimension of a smart power strategy for the twenty first century is not captured by the concept of containment.

Containment depends heavily on vaccines, but vaccines are only part of the answer.

Stabilization of the problem in the developed world shows that containment is possible.

Israel has effectively contained the Palestinian population in a heavily controlled environment.

Besides, what would a containment policy applied to Russia today look like? Russia s leaders, tucked behind the political safety cushion provided by high energy prices, rightly feel that time is working in their favor, that we in the West need Russia more than Russia needs us.

This is often done, as with the use of an isoteniscope, by submerging the containment area in a liquid bath.

True, Jordan and Syria let most Iraqis in, but they do not offer a possibility of durable local absorption.

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