Fertility decline

Birth Rates and Fertility Rates

Aging populations and lower fertility rates in the new member states might result in even smaller flows.

Responding to ageing in advance would enable countries to reap the demographic dividend produced by reduced fertility rates.

Similarly, vaccination has been shown to lead to wage gains across populations, while improvements in child survival rates are associated with lower fertility rates.

1.2.2 Fertility, Reproduction and Mortality

Fertility Rates, Treatments and Services

Table 7 Total Fertility rates of all the regions

Table 15 Fertility Rates by Religion, 2001 2003

Moreover, there is no evidence that these programs generate major negative incentives, such as lower employment among adults or higher fertility rates.

Asia and Europe have experienced sharp falls in fertility rates.

The rate of teenage pregnancy in Nicaragua is one of the highest in the western hemisphere.

Trends in total fertility rates, various sources

The fact that, during the transition, mortality reductions usually precede fertility reductions leads to a period of rapid population growth.

The result is slower population growth.

However, this decline was not observed uniformly among all social groups.

The majority of the national reports stressed the direct link between fertility decline and degree of political commitment.

Inequality leads to lower growth and less efficiency.

The total fertility rates for Namibia by urban and rural areas and by region are shown in Table 7.

Rates of idiopathic no known cause of infertility are on the rise in both men and women.

The world today encompasses, therefore, countries at all stages of the demographic transition, that is to say, the transition from a regime of high fertility and high mortality producing low population growth to one where both fertility and mortality are low and produce again low rates of population change.

Falling employment lowers wage and salary incomes.

And because fertility rates fell across that very same period that life expectancy was going up, that pyramid that has always represented the distribution of age in the population, with many young ones at the bottom winnowed to a tiny peak of older people who make it and survive to old age, is being reshaped into a rectangle.

In all groups and regions, however, the proportion of elderly is expected to rise as the proportion of children falls with declining fertility.

The issues of quality and access to health care are inadequately addressed, and, coupled with a decrease in life expectancy, the decline in fertility rates and the rapid spread of infectious diseases, those major challenges remain.

All these factors contribute to high levels of fertility, morbidity and mortality, as well as to low economic productivity.

26. In certain subregions of the world, the reductions in fertility have been exceedingly rapid.

The public health system is in disarray, mortality rates have increased, and birthrates are declining.

The Libyan economy has been faced with many obstacles and difficulties, which have further hampered its performance.

Total fertility rates above 2.1 will lead to population growth and to a youth bulge.

Lower fertility rates by age and higher educational attainment levels were noted among the women taking part in the study.

UNWRA reported that the social, economic and cultural context of women's health remained challenging during the period under review, as the Palestine refugee population had one of the highest birth rates in the region.

She said the drop in the fertility rate could be explained by later marriage, delayed pregnancy or use of contraception but felt the rate of use of contraceptives of 33 per cent was still not high enough normally economic growth would lead to a significant decrease in fertility rates.

In each case, higher female education was correlated with lower fertility rates.

There are about 6 dependants (children and the elderly) per every 10 adults of working age and that ratio is expected to continue declining as fertility falls even further.

At national level, there is still a difference of one child between the wanted fertility rate and the actual total fertility rate with provincial variations indicating lower ideal and actual fertility rates for most urbanized provinces Lusaka and Copperbelt (refer to figure 3).

With falling birthrates, immigrants are needed to maintain European prosperity.

During the low inflation era, which dates from the early 1990 s, developed country annual inflation rates averaged 2.4 .

It can be concluded that, with the exception of Caprivi, the regions with relatively high levels of fertility in 2001 were the same ones in 1991.

When childhood death rates come down, fertility rates tend to decline even more, since families are now confident that their children will survive.

If economic development continues, fertility rates in developing countries will fall, as they have in developed countries.

This hypothesis is not supported by scientific evidence, but has contributed to decreased vaccination rates.

The mine was permanently closed in 2002 due to declining resources and metal prices.

Thus, a total fertility rate of 2.1 represents replacement level, while anything below represents a sub replacement fertility rate leading to population decline.

Owing to low and stabilized levels of fertility and rising life expectancy at birth, most industrialized countries currently have rapidly ageing populations.