Any change in the exchange rate of the dollar affects the purchasing power of these countries, and therefore their real income.

Presumably as a result, the dollar has lost value relative to other major currencies or in terms of purchasing power.

Despite the concrete steps taken in recent years, hunger and malnutrition remained very pressing in Mongolia but, as pointed out in the national report, hunger was not due to an inadequate food supply but rather to the inadequate purchasing power of poor people.

Will gold maintain its purchasing power value if inflation erodes the purchasing power of the dollar or the euro? And will gold hold its value in euros or yen if the dollar continues to decline?

The Nobel Prize winning economist Amartya Sen has emphasized that most famines are associated not with a shortage of food, but the failure to get food to the people who need it, largely because they lack purchasing power.

The combination of rising food and fuel prices and the financial and economic crisis has reduced poor families purchasing power, access to social services, and employment opportunities.

Some factors precluding foreign entry may be related to the size of the domestic market, given the low purchasing capacity of people in general, the weak competitive edge of domestic players and the lack of established physical infrastructure.

The Middle Eastern uprisings have pushed oil prices higher, eating up consumer purchasing power while raising input prices for many producers.

Provision of low interest loans and subsidized fertilizer to sustain farmers purchasing power, which succeeded in increasing the real income of farmers, men and women, who made up the majority of the population

, Japan is the third largest national economy in the world, after the United States and China, in terms of nominal GDP, and the fourth largest national economy in the world, after the United States, China and India, in terms of purchasing power parity.

The new data are based on improved estimates of purchasing power parity (PPP).

The following list is of world economies sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP), the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, adjusted by purchasing power parity (PPP), in US Dollars.

To these factors the speaker added the people's low purchasing power.

They are, however, using the module for purchasing power parity calculations.

Income measured in PPP helps to avoid this problem.

But estimating PPP income raises its own set of problems.

In 2002, the transport sector saw a revival of river transport and a marked increase in the volume of road freight, while air freight, which had begun to decline several years earlier, continued its downward trend, owing to its prohibitive cost, weak purchasing power and a sluggish domestic economy.

Thus, in principle, the purchasing power for the extra output would be available.

The lower dollar also reduces the purchasing power of oil exporters.

That is, PPP calculations effectively compare apples with oranges.

While oil exporting countries receive revenues in dollars (or their euro equivalent), they use different currencies to import goods and services from various countries. Any change in the exchange rate of the dollar affects the purchasing power of these countries, and therefore their real income.

Having campaigned on a promise to restore and improve the French people s purchasing power, Sarkozy came to power, in May 2007, just a few weeks before the sub prime mortgage crisis erupted, and a few months before commodity prices exploded.

The sight of run down physical infrastructure, punctuated by super modern shopping malls with global consumer brand names well beyond the purchasing power of most citizens, is not what you would expect in an economy once described as a potential Asian Dragon.

A strong dollar at home means a dollar that retains its purchasing power, thanks to a low rate of inflation.

The purchasing power of the population is steadily deteriorating, resulting in successive strikes by civil servants.

That can t happen without increased wages and purchasing power for workers.

In attempting to cope with imperfect knowledge, they are not irrational when they pay attention to other macroeconomic fundamentals and thereby bid an exchange rate away from its parity level.

In advertising, most of the data is about people, their demographics, and their purchasing behavior.

Fluctuations in exchange markets result in gains and losses in the purchasing power of reserves.

Sarkozy, who during his electoral campaign vowed to be the president who delivers on purchasing power, now faces an angry French public whose primary complaint is that purchasing power is being eroded by inflation.

In this case, a 10 appreciation of the renminbi increases the purchasing power of a Chinese person in the US by exactly 10 , whereas his life quality does not change in PPP terms.

The regions plan to publish PPPs in stages, starting with preliminary estimates for consumption in the third and fourth quarters of 2006 and followed by PPPs at the gross domestic product (GDP) level in subsequent quarters.

But there is a strong case to be made that the cuts that Osborne did make impeded recovery, by removing spending power from an economy already suffering from a deficiency of aggregate demand. The result was economic stagnation from 2010 to 2013, undermining Osborne s ability to meet his deficit reduction targets.

The lowest PPS is observed in the Bjelovar Bilogora County and the Virovitica Podravina County (267).

Preliminary and final global PPPs will also be published using the ring data and following the regional time tables.

After that, the Inspector visited most of the organizations to obtain more specific information concerning their procurement policies and practices.

Sarkozy, who during his electoral campaign vowed to be the president who delivers on purchasing power, now faces an angry French public whose primary complaint is that purchasing power is being eroded by inflation.

Inflation in the US or Europe would reduce the purchasing value of the dollar bonds or euro bonds. The Chinese would still have as many dollars or euros, but those dollars and euros would buy fewer goods on the world market.

Is it the economy? Well, we have now the fifth largest economy in the world in purchasing power parity terms.

Thus, normal re equilibration to purchasing power parity should give the dollar slight upward momentum.

Moreover, falling commodity prices will also help increase household purchasing power.

At that price, the dollar was undervalued by roughly 10 relative to its purchasing power parity (PPP).

Urbanization is a building block for consumption, because it provides powerful leverage to Chinese households purchasing power.

To strengthen purchasing power and to stimulate consumption, tax cuts on low and medium income households are essential.

In fact, Brazilians purchasing power could shrink further, owing to the depreciation of the real against the dollar.