When the East Bloc unraveled, India had to start paying for imports in hard cash.

The hawaladar in Somalia receives the money in hard currency, mostly United States dollars, and makes the relevant transfer to the corresponding foreign hawaladar office.

In principle, it is easy to avoid currency appreciation keep the foreign exchange earned from, say, oil exports out of the country.

For one thing, it is folly to think that more local currency debt eliminates the possibility of a financial crisis.

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Governments may be able to mobilize funding through debt swaps, where donors exchange debt for local currency investment in environmental protection, such as waste water treatment.

By transferring their right to print money to the European Central Bank (ECB), member countries exposed themselves to the risk of default, like Third World countries heavily indebted in a foreign currency.

They have also paid back a significant share of external debt and converted much of what remains into more manageable local currency liabilities.

3. Takes note of the updated list of hard currency duty stations for which the allowances are specified in local currency, as contained in annex VIII to the report of the Commission Official Records of the General Assembly, Fifty fifth Session, Supplement No. 30 (A 55 30).

To be sure, Cuba might initially decide not to apply. Joining the IMF would give it access to information, advice, and hard currency loans but it would also require the government to divulge data on the Cuban economy.

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But, as these investments bolster economic growth, increased tax revenues would imply more sustainable financing, as would local governments ability to leverage land markets and approach local currency debt markets.

Upon signature, the former Czechoslovakia declared in accordance with article 26 the formula for converting the amounts of liability referred to in paragraph 2 of that article into the Czechoslovak currency and the amount of the limits of liability to be applied in the territory of Czechoslovakia as expressed in the Czechoslovak currency.

United States Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner has already accused China of currency manipulation.

National narratives are, indeed, a type of currency.

Local currency government debt markets have performed fairly well during the crisis, while local currency corporate debt markets have played a more modest role as a vehicle for longer term finance.

Mayuko avoided doing hard work.

The first message will resonate with those who believe that a key lesson of the Asian crisis a decade ago is that countries opened themselves to certain types of flows especially foreign currency debt before they were ready.

Americans learned these lessons the hard way.

The US Treasury has been charged by Congress to assess whether China is a currency manipulator.

This is the hard one, the one that isn t obvious. That s why I leave it to the end.

But building monuments to difficult problems is not a policy.

From him the gods have much help in all hard tasks.

A higher foreign currency LDR will mean tighter restrictions on long renminbi positions.

Argentina adopted the hardest peg, introducing a quasi currency board and fixing the exchange rate by law.

Jamal always lies his way out.

New medical devices pose equally difficult dilemmas.

The team sometimes confers with the debian legal list in difficult cases.

In this challenging environment, administrative infrastructures have continued to function.

We fully support Iraq in this difficult mission.

It hardly makes sense for it to denominate oil prices in the currency of only one of its customers.

All organizations whose expenditures, like those of the secretariat, are predominantly incurred in local currency experience problems arising from exchange rate fluctuations.

These archaic sections corresponded to behavior originating in the colonial period, when virginity and the payment of dowries were valued as currency.

For those developing countries that remain heavily indebted abroad, an increase in risk premia would almost certainly bring economic turmoil, if not crisis. But the fact that so many countries hold large reserves means that the likelihood of the problem spreading into a global financial crisis is greatly reduced.

Their plight and rights are almost universally ignored.

Obama s presumptive Republican challenger, Mitt Romney, has promised to declare China guilty of currency manipulation the day he takes office.

They are also frustrated that the US Treasury has not named and shamed China by designating it a currency manipulator.

I. The reception, brokerage, and investment of third parties' funds in Brazilian or foreign currency