The investment will pay for itself in less than two years.

It now appears that Lindsey s numbers were a gross underestimate.

Focussing on core activities in fewer locations is another source of saving costs.

Why do they do that? Because it's cheaper, because they don't pay the real environmental costs.

That experience showed that countries default when the costs are lower than the benefits.

The United States Government has implemented a similar project, although much bigger in size.

It was important to develop transport and communication infrastructure to reduce costs and facilitate exports from LDCs.

At the same time, the overall construction cost was 19.5 million less than the original design.25

But the sooner the underlying reality is made transparent and becomes widely recognized, the lower the long run cost will be.

Estimates show that the cost in terms of adaptation would be less than 1 of global GDP.

In short, even our moderate estimate may significantly underestimate the cost of America s involvement in Iraq.

The simple truth is that the cost of preventing financial crises is much lower than the costs imposed by them after they erupt.

The costs of managing the Social Security system are far smaller than those likely to be associated with privatized accounts.

Back office and support functions, such as payroll processing, helpdesks, staff records data entry, etc., are performed by the organization's own staff but in areas where operating costs are significantly lower than the average for the organization.

In the long run, solidarity is cheaper for all involved, while its absence could become ruinously expensive in the foreseeable future.

The estimated costs for the Sixth Review Conference reflect the maximum duration identified for that meeting a shorter duration would result in lower costs.

The Bush administration may be correct in arguing that the extremely high costs and risks of promoting democracy are less than the costs and risks of allowing the authoritarian status quo in the Middle east to persist indefinitely.

In short, even our moderate estimate may significantly underestimate the cost of America s involvement in Iraq. And our estimate does not include any of the costs implied by the enormous loss of life and property in Iraq itself.

But even small terrorist successes are costly in terms of lives, money, and making open societies less so.

Oversubscribed by 24 times, the issue will allow Zambia to borrow more cheaply than many European countries can.

And now, having underinvested in energy efficiency and security when the costs of doing so were lower, America is poorly positioned to face the prospect of rising real prices.

Such a system would trigger entrepreneurial searches for low cost mitigation opportunities in developing countries, because rich countries would want to pay less by lowering emissions abroad.

Using a more realistic approach, and including monitoring and administration costs, the outlay for governments will still be less than half of the economic benefits.

And, because it would be cheaper and easier than carbon cuts, there would be a much greater chance of reaching a genuine, broad based and thus successful international agreement.

In 2004, UNCDF Local Development built on existing partnerships and established new ones, with the Institute of Social Studies in the Netherlands, the Africa Development Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, UN Habitat, the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), and the World Bank. In addition,

However, since the level of government funding usually depends on the level of national income, Governments in least developed countries are least likely to afford large outlays for population activities.

With regard to the financial arrangements, it will be recalled that in accordance with the practice followed on the occasion of previous multilateral disarmament conferences, and as reflected in the Rules of Procedure, the costs of such conferences, including those pertaining to preparatory meetings, would be shared among the States Parties participating in the conferences, based upon the United Nations scale of assessment pro rated to take into account the number of

Subject to the States Parties' approval of the estimated costs and cost sharing formula, assessment notices will be prepared based on the overall estimated costs and applicable cost sharing formula.

Democracy may carry certain short term costs, but they are always lower than the long term damage that comes from a lack of popular participation.

To the extent that some of the lower cost is rebated to their clients, even industrial firms in Germany enjoy a lower cost of capital, giving them an unfair advantage vis à vis their European competitors.

Assuming that the poor use much less water, the monthly cost of conventional network technologies drops to 20 still a significant outlay.

This is then used to allocate healthcare resources, with an intervention with a lower cost to QALY saved (incremental cost effectiveness) ratio ( ICER ) being preferred over an intervention with a higher ratio.

Total cost 133 300

Administrative costs

A big part of this cost has come in the form of jobs lost and lives derailed for the bottom 47 of the American income distribution.

There are a number of other costs, some potentially quite large, although quantifying them is problematic.

Furthermore, landlocked LDCs required transit solutions that included the simplification of administrative procedures causing increased costs and delays.

(a) General costs

Costs and economic damage

Operational costs

Cost effectiveness

Now we see that these were only a small part of the total costs.

2005 18 UNDP strategic cost management and implications for cost recovery

This keeps costs much lower than in France, and Greece, for example, where the retirement age is 60 or below, and where pension outlays are soaring as a result.

At the same time, increased educational opportunities for girls and women, and low cost contraceptives provided by family planning services, would empower them to marry later and have fewer children.