MB consumption Article 5

Appendix 4

MB consumption non Article 5

Table A Trends in MB consumption, by region, compiled from Ozone Secretariat data

Calculation of MB phase out based on existing and anticipated project requirements

The adjustment might come about through wage increases in countries with lower labor costs, rather than cuts in countries where costs are too high.

The brain drain from developing countries that has resulted from the free movement of skilled labour while the movement of unskilled labour remains restricted has led to increased inequality between countries and regions.

As seen from table 7, the lower labour costs in developing countries and countries in transition more than offset lower labour productivity, resulting in production costs that are significantly lower in these countries than in developed countries.

Figure 1. Baselines and reported MB consumption in non Article 5 and Article 5 regions, 1991 2002 (metric tonnes)

Differences in costs and resource availability can lead to a preference for different alternatives in Article 5(1) compared to non Article 5(1) countries.

A5 countries classified according to UNEP regional networks of ozone officers A5 countries only, including Turkey

These countries have successfully stimulated labour intensive reforestation programmes in the wetlands.

Multilateral Fund (MLF) demonstration projects have been completed in many A5 countries.

Substantial progress has been achieved in A5 countries that consumed large quantities of MB.

The commercial availability of certain alternatives for some applications in Article 5(1) countries is of continued concern.

Top(a) 15 MB consuming A5 countries Consumption and Projects.

As of 2004, over 140 of the Protocol's parties were operating as Article 5 countries.

Multilateral Fund (MLF) demonstration projects have been completed in many A5 countries.

State and municipal employees total around a third of the workforce, much more than in most Western countries.

Tax income financed employment represents a third of the Swedish workforce, a substantially higher proportion than in most other countries.

Based on TEAP analysis of Ozone Secretariat data of April 2005 covering 142 Article 5(1) countries.

Progress in the 15 highest MB consuming countries, which together accounted for about 86 of total A5 consumption in 2000 and 2001

Related emissions in Parties not operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 were estimated at 186.1 metric tonnes in 2002, and in relation to calculated emissions in Parties operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5, there was a discrepancy which CTOC would try to resolve.

The top 15 countries together accounted for about 86 of total A5 consumption in 2000 and 2001.

3 Analysis of 126 A5 countries based on the most recent year reported by each Party (Table 2)

Progress in the 15 highest MB consuming countries, which together accounted for about 86 of total A5 consumption in 2000 and 2001

Alternatives are used successfully at commercial level in A5 countries (MBTOC 2002, TEAP 2003) and many A5 Parties are now implementing phase out projects.

34 aviaries with total capacity of 102.000 birds had AIDS constructed and the sector started to have capacity for 237.000 birds for cycle while to the level of the families 130 aviaries with capacity for 65.000 birds had AIDS constructed and the sector started to have capacity of 106.170 birds for cycle.

Chair and Secretariat

Some of the countries that achieved the highest growth in labor productivity also lost the most competitiveness (e.g. Ireland).

Finally, he informed the Working Party that discussions were going on with the Budget Division to address the question of the financing of developing country experts' participation in UNCTAD expert meetings.

Analysis of 126 A5 countries based on the most recent year reported by each Party (Table 2).

The bulk of the world's labour force worked in the agricultural sector and three quarters of the working poor were in developing countries.

There is only limited substitutability between technology and labour, and temporary movement of natural persons retains its importance for developing countries in trade related to distribution.

Now that the Protocol has entered the compliance period, all parties, including Article 5 countries, must adhere to its phase out schedules.

The main objective of the Multilateral Fund is to assist the compliance of developing (Article 5) country parties to the Protocol by providing them with funding and technology.

Labor Force Estimates

Labour

Labour

Participation Committee

105 A5 countries achieved their national freeze in 2002, and about 20 Parties failed to do so(5).

As mentioned previously, A5 countries in total achieved a substantial MB reduction of about 20 between 2000 and 2002.

1998 present Delegate for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to a number of United Nations, Group of Eight, EU and Council of Europe committees, working groups and meetings, for example

105 A5 countries achieved their national freeze in 2002, and about 20 Parties failed to do so(5).

This indicates that A5 countries have made commitments to eliminate MB substantially faster than required under the current Montreal Protocol control measure.