That said, the ratio of capital formation does require careful monitoring.

The group calls their version of contingent capital regulatory hybrid securities.

China s decision to execute the head of its drug regulatory agency has rekindled international debate about capital punishment.

A good regulatory framework, including enforcement measures, needs to be established in order to develop a capital market.

More fundamentally, creating the regulatory institutions conducive to ownership separation may be impossible unless a society's political orientation towards labor and capital is more favorable to capital.

This is reflected in the current investment ratio for real capital assets of 43 of GDP, compared to 4.3 investment in human capital in the form of education.

Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

Much has already been done to advance regulatory reform, notably the recent agreement to strengthen bank capital (Basel III).

Better repayment prospects and lower regulatory capital costs then fuel the asset based financing of further acquisition of assets.

(a) Promote an economic and regulatory climate that is conducive to inward remittances and to capital inflows, in general.

Basel II also recommends a new, more differentiated and stricter regulatory capital criterion for various types of such ratings.

Because of the capital utilization effect, the capital labor ratio would not, in fact, decline, and hence there would be no significant effect on the marginal productivity of hours worked.

Furthermore, by raising regulatory capital costs in boom times, some counterweight to the pro cyclical bias intrinsic to financial systems would be introduced.

Governments, however, need to understand the barriers to investment regulatory failures weak enablers, including financial and human capital poor infrastructure and substandard technology.

Some fear that extending the workday will not produce more jobs because the resulting expansion of hours worked will reduce the capital labor ratio.

Regarding the banking sector, stress tests have been applied since 2004, and a target capital adequacy ratio of 12 has been maintained since 2006.

To understand the precise problem, you must dip into the latest details of the Prudential Regulatory Authority s capital shortfall exercise with eight major UK banks.

First, capital requirements should be set as a straightforward ratio of common equity to total assets, thereby abandoning all reference to banks own risk management models.

They calculated that 75 to 80 of economic growth did not come from increasing the capital output ratio at least not if the private marginal product of capital was taken as an indicator of the social marginal product.

Second, there are policy failures, which occur when undisciplined macroeconomic policies and inconsistent or ineffective financial regulatory policies heighten the risks associated with volatile capital flows.

Today, capital in the developed world is abundant the saving ratio declines as people consume more and production shifts increasingly to services, where productivity gains are limited.

Overall pressure ratio is 28.0, with a bypass ratio of 4.66.

Overall pressure ratio is 30.4, with a bypass ratio of 5.15.

(c) As the balance of payments deteriorated, especially after interruptions of capital inflows and sometimes massive flights of capital, the national currency was sharply devalued. This sharp devaluation increased further the cost of debt servicing and the debt to GDP ratio.

Aspect ratio

Aspect ratio

Keep ratio

Aspect ratio

Golden Ratio

Custom ratio

The ratio of the two is called the gyromagnetic ratio and is simply the half of the charge to mass ratio.

The ratio of market value to book value, termed Tobin s Q by financial economists, is a standard measure for evaluating how effectively firms use the capital they have.

Some countries will opt for greater stability, imposing tough capital and liquidity requirements on their banks, while others may favor greater innovation and adopt a lighter regulatory touch.

So a country where labor productivity is low will become an attractive location for foreign direct investment, and the resulting increase in the capital labor ratio will raise productivity.

Regulatory issues

Regulatory action

Preserve Aspect Ratio

Aspect Ratio Crop...

Aspect Ratio Crop

Maternal mortality ratio

Faced with the difficulty of meeting their 9 capital ratio requirement, they will achieve the target by selling assets and contracting credit not exactly an ideal scenario for economic recovery.

Profitability index (PI), also known as profit investment ratio (PIR) and value investment ratio (VIR), is the ratio of payoff to investment of a proposed project.

Absent international coordination, the opportunities for destructive regulatory competition will defeat regulatory reform.

Simply put, surging capital flows into the US artificially held down interest rates and inflated asset prices, leading to laxity in banking and regulatory standards and, ultimately, to a meltdown.

Elsewhere (the US), the losses were covered up with a great deal of regulatory forbearance (i.e., agreeing to look the other way while banks rebuild their capital by trading securities).