In assessing the appropriate compensatory restoration project for damage to shoreline resources, Kuwait considered six alternatives.

(b) to preserve and protect the environment in the event of transboundary damage, especially with respect to mitigation of damage to the environment and its restoration or reinstatement.

Saudi Arabia proposes to establish 10 preserves with a total area of 4,654 square kilometres as compensatory restoration for the damage.

Iraq argues that Syria has provided no evidence of actual damage or details of planned restoration programmes or improved conservation management.

It argues that compensation for damage to non commercial resources is limited to the costs of reasonable measures of remediation or restoration.

Furthermore, Iraq argues that Syria did not provide adequate evidence of the extent of damage to substantiate its claim for the cost of restoration.

These are to compensate for the loss of ecological services from the time of the damage until full restoration of the services as a result of remediation.

The Panel finds that the primary restoration envisaged by the award in the third F4 instalment will not fully compensate for the loss resulting from this damage.

The compensation sought includes compensation for loss of use of the resources during the period between the occurrence of the damage and the full restoration of the resources, either through natural recovery or as a result of remediation or restoration measures undertaken by a claimant.

The Panel also finds that the primary restoration envisaged by the award in the fourth F4 instalment will not fully compensate for the loss resulting from this damage.

Saudi Arabia recalls that it submitted a claim in the fourth F4 instalment for the costs of restoration of the damage described in paragraphs 588 and 589 above.

Restoration

Restoration...

Confirmation that no damage has been caused or that measures of remediation or restoration are not possible or advisable in the circumstances can assist the Panel in reviewing related substantive claims.

Saudi Arabia notes that it did not claim the costs of restoration for these two items of damage in its claim No. 5000455, which was reviewed in the fourth F4 instalment.

The alliance was reconfirmed after the Portuguese Restoration War and the English Restoration.

Saudi Arabia proposes to establish 10 terrestrial nature preserves in unaffected areas to compensate for the loss of terrestrial ecological services from the time of the alleged damage until full restoration of services.

Restoration work started in 1995 and focused on the building itself, and the inventorying and restoration of the collection.

Currently, Russia is undergoing a restoration.

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The restoration works started June 2014.

Restoration and consolidation of State authority

3. Calls upon the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon for the costs of repairing the environmental damage caused by the destruction, including the restoration of the marine environment

Iraq states that a claimant with a cultural heritage claim has a specific burden of proof not only to show that there is damage, but also that the proposed restoration will result in net benefits to the damaged site.

Restoration of basic sensory function is critical.

Restoration of normal conditions and humanitarian functions

Saudi Arabia states that the focus of the terrestrial element of this claim is on compensatory restoration i.e., the actions (and funding) needed to replace the natural resource services lost from the time of damage to full recovery to baseline conditions .

With regard to the claims for compensatory restoration in the fifth F4 instalment, the Panel reiterates its previous statements that remediation measures for damaged resources should focus on primary restoration, in terms of the restoration of ecological functioning.

(c) Satisfaction, including restoration of dignity and reputation

Restoration Restoring the ecosystem's original structure and functions.

(c) Satisfaction, including restoration of honour and reputation

By Robert Ovetz, Ph.D., Sea Turtle Restoration Project

Consequently, compensatory restoration measures should be considered only where there is sufficient evidence that primary restoration will not fully compensate for any identified losses.

Based on the results of the HEA, some Claimants propose to undertake compensatory restoration projects that are intended to offset the ecological services that have been lost between the time of initial damage to the resources and the time of their full recovery.

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Capacity building and restoration of civil society takes time.

Restoration of State authority and strengthening of public administration

The Panel is also aware that there are uncertainties in HEA calculations, especially for establishing a metric that appropriately accounts for different types of service losses and for determining the nature and scale of compensatory restoration measures that are appropriate for damage to particular resources.

Russia may be experiencing a global restoration phase, but in politics and economics, and also with respect to its empire, restoration is headed in the wrong direction.

(d) To ensure conservation and, where necessary, restoration of ecosystems.

(d) Moral damage

Compensation for damage

4. Requests the Government of Israel to assume responsibility for prompt and adequate compensation to the Government of Lebanon and other countries directly affected by the oil slick for the costs of repairing the environmental damage caused by the destruction, including the restoration of the marine environment