At the same time, China s corporate sector relies excessively on debt financing, rather than equity.

It would also reduce numerous efficiency reducing distortions in the US tax code, including substantial tax advantages for debt financing over equity financing and for non corporate businesses over corporate businesses.

It was the equivalent of a Chapter 11 restructuring of American corporate debt, in which debt is swapped for equity, with bondholders becoming new shareholders.

GAMMA is designed for equity investors in emerging markets and is focused on non financial risk assessment, and in particular, assessment of corporate governance risk.

America has a special procedure for corporate bankruptcy, called Chapter 11, which allows a speedy restructuring by writing down debt, and converting some of it to equity.

But the equity price rise is likely to fizzle out over time if economic growth disappoints, as is likely, and drags down expectations about corporate revenues and profitability.

initiatives between international financial institutions and private equity firms. Positive corporate contributions to development could support these initiatives, including through charging of lower interest rates and reduction of profit margins.

Corporate identity.

Corporate strategy

Corporate responsibility

Start with equity.

Corporate leaders realized that economic incentives accrued from being a good corporate citizen.

Pricing Corporate Governance

Corporate specific reasons.

i. Gender Equity Policy

Promoting greater gender equity.

Corporate identity external reality or internal fit?, Corporate Communications An International Journal, 5 (1), pp.

The Secret Corporate Takeover

Politics and Corporate Money

The Corporate Tax Conundrum

Unblocking Corporate Governance Reform

Whose Corporate Social Responsibility?

Principles of corporate communication.

Operationalizing the corporate strategy

Taming the Private Equity Locusts

Employment equity and workplace diversity

Even in the US corporate sector, defaults will rise, owing to sharply higher corporate bond spreads.

(a) Capping of corporate costs, while corporate functions address strategic matters of governance, oversight and inspection

Equity structures have also benefited from logistical support (computers, office facilities) and from technical assistance (National Equity Committee).

Higher equity capital requirements, for example, require banks to fund themselves with relatively more equity and relatively less debt.

In the ensuing discussion, questions were raised regarding the precise definitions of general terms such as corporate responsibility , corporate social responsibility and positive corporate contribution , and regarding the notion of a corporate responsibility for development, as well as UNCTAD's mandate in this regard.

Corporate strategy Vision 2006 2007

Expert Meeting on Positive Corporate

Subprogramme 4 Social development and equity

Van den Bosch, De Jong and Elving (2005) explored possible relationships between corporate visual identity and reputation, and concluded that corporate visual identity plays a supportive role in corporate reputations.

Towards a definitive model of the corporate identity management process, Corporate Communications An International Journal, 4 (4), pp.

Since the 1980 s, shareholder value has increasingly become the focus of corporate governance. Managers and board members often receive stock based compensation, which gives them equity ownership rights and, in turn, creates a powerful incentive to maximize the market value of their companies shares.

As a further enhancement to the Australian Government's equity provisions for higher education students, the Higher Education Equity Support Programme was introduced in 2005 following a review of higher education equity measures under the reforms.

Even in countries with well developed systems of corporate governance, arrangements that are excessively lax on corporate insiders persist.

Increase of access to education and equity

Gender Equity Policy and The Nine Benchmarks

How corporate visual identity supports reputation.

Internal audit and corporate risk management

(l) Forest ethics and corporate responsibility

Indeed, if, as some believe, only a fraction of the banks equity is at risk, the potential debt equity swaps would be minuscule.