To show causation, mass communication researchers must isolate the variable they are studying, show that it occurs before the observed effect, and that it is the only variable that could cause the observed effect.

Economists more sophisticated forecasting models also show that the fiscal stimulus had an important positive effect, for much the same reasons as the common sense approach.

Effect of an arbitration agreement

Monarchy has an infantilizing effect.

He rejects the bombastic heroics of most previous Spanish war art to show the effect of conflict on individuals.

Keynesian models claiming a quick boost from higher government spending below full employment show that the effect soon turns negative.

Stimulating an economy takes time, as the Obama administration s difficulties in spending what it has allocated show the full effect of these efforts may take a half year or more to be felt.

Too much dependence has also had an infantilizing effect.

The low level of literacy has an aggravating effect.

This technique can be used to achieve an effect similar to that used in the Harry Potter films to create the effect of an invisibility cloak.

But, though this argument is valid in principle, economic models show that this risk has only a moderate effect on the best policy.

Opinion polls show an improvement in its international reputation.

Apparently this was not just an episode in some show, as Youssef himself twitted at the end of the episode This wasn't an episode in a show

The envisaged review mechanism constitutes an additional guarantee to that effect.

Information from States suggests that financial sanctions are having an effect.

The problem is actually an extrapolation from the game show.

We have an opportunity to show that multilateralism is working.

It remains to be confirmed if this action represents an effect of the Yugoslav conflict on these treaties or is better categorized as an effect of State succession on treaties.

Tables 4, 5 and 6 in annex III show the anticipated effect of movements in non cash assets and liabilities on the year end cash balances.

Richard Thaler, a contemporary economist, spoke in 1980 of an endowment effect.

The bullwhip effect is an observed phenomenon in forecast driven distribution channels.

He points out that such an appeal does not have suspensive effect.

Poverty has an overall debilitating effect on the realization of all rights.

An NGO campaign aims to show the reality in Brazilian prisons.

MILAN In a recent set of studies, Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff used a vast array of historical data to show that the accumulation of high levels of public (and private) debt relative to GDP has an extended negative effect on growth.

Formulating the parameters of incompatibility in the absence of an express provision is perhaps the most difficult question posed by the effect of armed conflict on treaties, but the present section can provide a few common examples to show the general trend.

An effect happens in the air, it's a corrupting effect of the sound the ultrasound in this case that's emitted, but it's so predictable that you can produce very precise audio out of that effect.

Much of what is enacted as stimulus has little immediate effect on job creation, but does have an adverse long term effect on government finances.

When there are few copies of an allele, the effect of genetic drift is larger, and when there are many copies the effect is smaller.

The combination of sexuality and privacy has an anarchic, subversive effect on citizens.

Although the effect is to raise revenue, that is just an accounting convention.

The effect of armed conflict on treaties an examination of practice and doctrine

Let me show you an example of what I'm talking about here.

Such a show of force is an ancient, traditional Chinese political technique.

The show ran from 1992 to 1997 and was an enormous success.

Don't worry! Even if I drink, it doesn't have an effect on my driving.

Yet we should not deny that technology has had an important effect almost everywhere.

So all we get is the first effect, and thus an increase in unemployment.

Indeed, the technological response to stanching the recruitment isn t having much of an effect.

Extreme right wing parties had an effect on mainstream political parties and their policies.

But the effect of a new round of QE on interest rates could be small and limited to an announcement effect, as the Fed s own research indicates.

The presence of an amine group strongly increases the reactivity of the aromatic ring, due to an electron donating effect.

The best way to get someone to cut their electricity bill is to show them their own spending, to show them what their neighbors are spending, and then show what an energy conscious neighbor is spending.

Its one positive effect was to launch an effort to reform the international monetary system.

An attack on Iran might, however, produce precisely the effect that Netanyahu seeks to avoid.