Shipbuilding commenced in the winter of 1667.

Kokkola also became an important shipbuilding centre in Finland.

Marine environment, marine resources, marine biodiversity and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

Marine environment and marine resources

Marine environment, marine resources and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

In England today, Indian curry houses employ more people than the iron and steel, coal and shipbuilding industries combined.

Marine environment, marine resources and sustainable development

XI. Marine environment, marine resources and sustainable development

In fact, all top five are GLCs in such strategic industries as air transport, shipping, telecommunications, shipyards and shipbuilding, and property development.

Belfast developed faster than Dublin during this period on a mixture of international trade, factory based linen cloth production and shipbuilding.

As a result of tar trade and shipbuilding industry Kokkola was for a time one of the richest towns in Finland.

The rise of new economic powers with lower costs made employment loss in old industries like textiles, iron and steel, and shipbuilding inevitable.

Pisa and Amalfi also emerged as maritime republics trade, shipbuilding and banking helped support their powerful navies in the Mediterranean in those medieval centuries.

(b) Effects of marine debris (the effects of marine debris on human health, safety, tourism and other economic activities, navigation, marine species, the marine environment and fisheries) (see A 60 63, paras. 241 247)

The country topped the US in auto production in 2009, and remains second only to South Korea in shipbuilding, with 36 of global capacity.

Marine science and technology

Enhanced marine scientific research is critical for sustainable exploration and exploitation of marine resources.

VIII. Marine science and technology

We must strike a balance between marine resources exploitation and the conservation of the marine environment.

Marine biodiversity

Marine science

Marine debris

Marine debris

The provisions of the London Naval Treaty of 1930, however, restricted naval construction, resulting in a serious decline in the British shipbuilding industry.

Conservation and management of marine biodiversity

Marine debris, also referred to as marine litter, is any persistent, manufactured or processed solid material discarded, disposed of or abandoned in the marine and coastal environment. Chapter X.B.

As long as the input of non degradable litter into the marine environment continues, the result will be increased quantities of marine litter in the coastal and marine environments.

Numerous countries use Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) to protect critical breeding grounds and migration routes for marine life.

(a) Marine science and the development and transfer of marine technology as mutually agreed, including capacity building in this regard

These include assessments of marine litter as a land based pollutant and its impact on critical coastal and marine ecosystems.

Marine debris is a global transboundary pollution problem that constitutes a serious threat to human health and safety, endangers fish stocks, marine biodiversity and marine habitats and has significant costs to local and national economies.

If this group can establish standards, and if the shipbuilding industry adopts them for building new ships, we can now see a gradual decline in this potential problem.

(b) Marine debris

Global Marine Assessment

According to the United States Marine Mammal Commission, 136 marine species have been reported in entanglement incidents in the wider United States area, including 6 species of sea turtles, 51 species of seabirds and 32 species of marine mammals (Marine Mammal Commission, 1996).

Second claim unit Marine and coastal resources The second claim unit is for compensation for damage to marine and coastal resources.

Challenges in preventing and combating marine litter

(ii) Protection of the marine environment and

109. Notes the contribution of the Census of Marine Life to marine biodiversity research, and encourages participation in the initiative

122. Notes the contribution of the Census of Marine Life to marine biodiversity research, and encourages participation in the initiative

86. Notes the contribution of the Census of Marine Life to marine biodiversity research, and encourages participation in this initiative

The programme promoted the reduction of marine casualties, the elimination of substandard shipping and the protection of the marine environment.

There is a need to differentiate between measures aimed at preventing marine litter at the source and measures taken to deal with marine litter once it is already present in the marine and coastal environment.

Rapporteur Marine Davtyan (Armenia)

Sources of marine litter