The reduction in support costs revenue was anticipated in the programme budget.

A 6.7 per cent reduction in local costs is also proposed.

The reduction related mainly to air transportation costs.

The proposed redeployment results in reduction of staff costs in the amount of 729,000.

Savings under helicopter hire charter costs are attributable to the renegotiation of the rental costs of eight Cobra helicopters, resulting in a reduction of 3,303,940.

(b) Effectively deliver programme goals and contribute to the reduction of transaction costs

This increase in costs is offset by a reduction in what would otherwise have been required for contractual services.

Updated requirements under operational costs reflect a reduction of 1,131,200 in comparison with the initial estimate of 1,795,200.

Proposals for non traditional sources of funding included arrangements for recuperation of costs, self financing, and reduction of management and administrative costs.

The reduction in the estimated costs of external audit reflects a reduced provision by the Board of Auditors ( 27,000).

This eliminated travel costs, resulting in an overall reduction of annual expenditure for such interviews from 25,500 to 4,500.

The reduction under salaries ( 3,500,000) and common staff costs ( 1,399,900) is attributed to the delays in deployment of staff.

A reduction in unit labor costs can also increase competitiveness only to the extent that it actually results in price reductions.

The first claim unit is for reduction in crop yields and the second claim unit is for claim preparation costs.

This would encourage budgetary discipline and fiscal responsibility in the Secretariat by targeting for reduction unnecessary programmes and administrative costs.

This would encourage budgetary discipline and fiscal responsibility in the Secretariat, by targeting for reduction unnecessary programmes and administrative costs

A rapid reduction in unit labor costs, through structural reforms that increased productivity growth in excess of wages, is just as unlikely.

A reduction in borrowing costs constituted a powerful motive in the 1990 s for southern European governments to join the monetary union.

This resulted in a reduction in income from support costs from UNDP from 4.3 million in 1990 1991 to 3 million in 1992 1993.

(g) Further reduction of transaction costs for Governments and other partners dealing with the United Nations

The result was a dramatic reduction in the British state s borrowing costs and the emergence of a well functioning capital market, which caused private borrowing costs to fall as well.

It offers qualified manpower to produce quality goods, reduction of production costs by 10 15 per cent, and relatively low labour costs and production overheads.

Non staff costs for travel on official business was lower than expected due the reduction in the number of planned missions.

The Advisory Committee had been informed that because of the difference in costs between Baghdad and Amman, salary costs had decreased considerably however, because of the relocation of ESCWA, common staff costs had increased, thereby resulting in the net reduction of 5.1 million.

The reduction in programme support revenue is also explained by a sharp reduction in allocations to the Department from UNDP and UNFPA and the introduction of a new support costs regime by UNDP during 1992.

This could be an explicit devaluation or an implicit one due to a price reduction, made possible by the reduction in unit production costs resulting from the extra working time at constant pay.

But, as productivity is much higher in Germany, an effective reduction of hourly labor costs by uncompensated increases in working hours seems worth trying.

The cost reduction impact element measures the costs avoided or minimized through implementation of a management improvement measure.

A reduction in the number of contingent owned vehicles has resulted in savings of 1,800 in vehicle insurance costs and 500 in the cost for workshop equipment.

(c) Increased inputs and greater costs where farmers, out of necessity, attempt to combat reduction in yields with increased inputs, primarily of fertilizers

The provision under audit costs reflected a reduction in the costs of both external and internal audit, reflecting the resource levels recommended by the Board of Auditors and the Office of Internal Oversight Services.

This resulted in a reduction in income from support costs from UNDP from 4.3 million in 1990 1991 to 3 million in 1992 1993 (paras. 57 to 59).

The reduction includes the related impact on operational and other non staff costs of the Committee's recommendations on posts.

A further reduction of 20 is expected by mid March 1994 with estimated separation indemnity costs of some 400,000.

Growth will not resume until production costs in the indebted countries decline, which requires either a substantial permanent increase in productivity, a reduction in real wages, or both.

59. The steep decline in ITC apos s execution of UNDP funded projects during 1992 1993 also resulted in a reduction in income from support costs from UNDP.

CEB members remain doubtful, however, about the automaticity of a reduction in transaction costs and point out that different country situations demand different flexible approaches.

The reduction of 46,900 in the costs of internal audit is the net effect of the request made by the Office of Internal Oversight Services.

Savings resulted from the reduction of helicopter requirements from six to one. In addition, the contract signed for the helicopter in use excluded positioning and de positioning costs.

Long term government bond yields are already very low, and a further reduction will not significantly change private agents borrowing costs.

Although the funder keeps the reduction in health care costs, the community gets all of the many payoffs from a healthier population including an enhanced reputation.

According to the World Bank, a reduction of 5 per cent in those costs could increase flows to destination countries by up to US 5 billion.

The reduction of administrative overhead costs associated with travel management should not be at the expense of travellers flexibility in order to comply with demanding schedules

38. The introduction of competitive bidding by UNIFIL into the air fare quote system contributed to a reduction in ticket costs (see paras. 176 and 177).

31. The total initial 1995 estimate is estimated to be lower than the 1994 revised requirements, mainly as a result of a reduction in staff costs.