C. The protection of marine environment and biodiversity in the Area

According to the United States Marine Mammal Commission, 136 marine species have been reported in entanglement incidents in the wider United States area, including 6 species of sea turtles, 51 species of seabirds and 32 species of marine mammals (Marine Mammal Commission, 1996).

Maria Island National Park has a total area of 115.50 km², which includes a marine area of 18.78 km² off the island's northwest coast.

The second important area was marine biological investigations, although also geological, biological and other surveys were conducted.

Such structures and facilities will probably include a parking area, some fencing, a marine pier or ramp, a secured boat vehicle storage area, and an access road.

Such structures and facilities will probably include a parking area, some fencing, a marine pier or ramp, a secured boat vehicle storage area and an access road.

The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources annually reviews the issue of marine debris and has implemented a suite of measures to monitor and evaluate the impact of anthropogenic debris and waste on marine living resources in the Convention Area.

The representative of the Permanent South Pacific Commission said that its plan of action to protect the marine environment, including vulnerable marine ecosystems, and the Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and Coastal Area of the South East Pacific and its Protocols provided the basis for action with respect to marine debris.

Marine environment, marine resources, marine biodiversity and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

In the area of large marine eco systems, attention will be given to the Humboldt Current and the Gulf of Mexico.

It also looked at integrated coastal area and river basin management, which links freshwater and coastal and marine systems, highlighting land based sources of activities affecting the quality and uses of the coastal and marine environment.

Marine environment, marine resources and the protection of vulnerable marine ecosystems

Marine environment and marine resources

(c) Coastal and marine resource issues should be addressed through the adoption of integrated coastal area management for the sustainable development of the marine environment and resources, including fisheries and aquaculture at the national and regional levels

(h) serious harm to the marine environment means any effect from activities in the Area on the marine environment which represents a significant adverse change in the marine environment determined according to the rules, regulations and procedures adopted by the Authority on the basis of internationally recognized standards and practices.

This was followed by scientific presentations on the various mineral resources of the Area and the marine environment in which they are found.

Marine environment, marine resources and sustainable development

The Convention acknowledges this problem and emphasizes the need to build capacity and provide technical assistance to developing countries, especially in areas such as marine scientific research, transfer of technology, activities in the Area and preservation of the marine environment.

XI. Marine environment, marine resources and sustainable development

PIPA constitutes 11.34 of Kiribati s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and with a size of it is the largest marine protected area (MPA) in the Pacific Ocean.

Kenya is also actively involved in the Eastern Africa Regional Seas Programme and the Global Programme of Action for the Protection of the Marine Environment from Land Based Activities, and is the coordinator of the New Partnership for Africa's Development coastal and marine thematic area.

The designation of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument as a particularly sensitive sea area (PSSA) received committed support from the US delegation to the International Martitime Organization.

We are convinced of the need to strengthen marine scientific research in coastal States and are therefore pleased at the evident increase in interest in this area.

Marine biodiversity

Marine science

Marine debris

Marine debris

Although it is not a sanctuary, the ocean area is part of a system of 13 National Marine Sanctuaries administered by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

(b) Effects of marine debris (the effects of marine debris on human health, safety, tourism and other economic activities, navigation, marine species, the marine environment and fisheries) (see A 60 63, paras. 241 247)

(b) Marine debris

Global Marine Assessment

61. Notes with interest the decision taken at the fifty second session of the Marine Environment Protection Committee of the International Maritime Organization to designate the Western European Waters as a particularly sensitive sea area Marine Environment Protection Committee, document MEPC 52 24, annex 10, resolution MEPC.121(52).

Enhanced marine scientific research is critical for sustainable exploration and exploitation of marine resources.

Prospecting shall not be undertaken in an area covered by an approved plan of work for exploration for polymetallic sulphides or cobalt crusts or in a reserved area nor may there be prospecting in an area which the Council has disapproved for exploitation because of the risk of serious harm to the marine environment.

A recent study of 80 marine reserves found significant improvements in fisheries inside the reserves compared to the same area before the reserve was formed or areas outside the reserve.

The Chinese Government and people have had some success in the area of marine capacity building, and we are more than willing to share our experiences with other developing countries.

The International Seabed Authority can and is supposed to regulate mining activities in the Area in such a way that any negative effects on the marine environment are minimized or avoided.

Marine science and technology

Rapporteur Marine Davtyan (Armenia)

Sources of marine litter

Effects of marine litter

Prevention of marine pollution

We must strike a balance between marine resources exploitation and the conservation of the marine environment.

Two of the Antarctic Specially Protected Areas for which a revised management plan was adopted in 2003 covered solely marine areas, which was a significant development in the Antarctic protected area system.

The first project, for which Saudi Arabia seeks compensation in the amount of USD 5,074,890,386, is to establish 10 separate marine and coastal preserves, covering a total area of 183.2 square kilometres.