But what has been overlooked is that the effect of services growth on aggregate economic growth appears to be as strong, if not stronger, than the effect of manufacturing growth on overall growth.

This is a significant effect, even by the standards of China s superlative growth performance.

These policies had a strongly negative effect on economic and population growth during her reign.

Each one of these drivers has a different effect on growth. While technological progress clearly fosters growth, the rise of finance since the 1990s has probably had an adverse effect, via financial crises and the accumulation of debt.

If the fruit of economic growth reaches the poor through employment creation, growth in capital intensive sectors has a limited effect on poverty reduction.

Extreme fiscal imbalance can also lead to a growth trap in which fiscal consolidation has such a large negative effect on growth as to be self defeating.

Unit labor costs reflect compensation levels and productivity gains in productivity can offset the effect of wage growth.

In most countries, the US dollar value of GDP growth handsomely exceeded what would be expected from real growth and a reasonable allowance for the accompanying Balassa Samuelson effect.

Economic growth reduces poverty only if it benefits the poor, and the effect of growth on poverty reduction is a function of the pattern of income distribution within a country.

The finance industry already is warning thatnew regulation may overshoot that is, have the unintended effect of sharply impeding growth.

Perhaps most important, a weaker dollar s effect on the trade balance, and thus on growth, is limited by two factors.

And an unwillingness to trade away export led growth is having the same effect on the East s surplus countries (especially China).

Countries that cut their emissions would, in effect, be subsidizing their competitors growth, not necessarily reducing the speed of global warming.

Nutrition and tooth development As in other aspects of human growth and development, nutrition has an effect on the developing tooth.

Extreme fiscal imbalance can also lead to a growth trap in which fiscal consolidation has such a large negative effect on growth as to be self defeating. Greece is probably a case in point.

If the oil price stays at 40 a barrel, expect it to have next to no effect on short term world GDP growth.

A direct effect of the higher interest rate would be to increase the budget deficit and the rate of growth of government debt.

Invites developed countries, in particular major industrialized economies, to take into account the effect of their macroeconomic policies on international growth and development

Invites developed countries, in particular major industrialized economies, to take into account the effect of their macroeconomic policies on international growth and development

10. Invites developed countries, in particular major industrialized economies, to take into account the effect of their macroeconomic policies on international growth and development

3. Invites developed countries, in particular major industrialized economies, to take into account the effect of their macroeconomic policies on international growth and development

8. Invites developed countries, in particular major industrialized economies, to take into account the effect of their macroeconomic policies on international growth and development

11. Invites developed countries, in particular major industrialized economies, to take into account the effect of their macroeconomic policies on international growth and development

Total energy use is soaring, reflecting the combined effect of rising per capita incomes and thus rising per capita energy use and population growth.

The restoration of growth and balance in the US economy is crucially important, not only for its effect on global growth, but also as a foundation for tackling a broad array of international problems and challenges.

Since the base rate of economic growth (before calculating the climate change effect) was taken to be 1.3 per year, a loss of 20 in the year 2200 amounts to reducing the annual growth rate to 1.2 .

And it is true that the benefits of deficit reduction, if achieved too fast, will be more than offset by the negative effect on growth.

Virtually all economists agree that this shift toward freer trade greatly benefited the world s citizens and enhanced global growth. The economists Jeffrey Frankel and David Romer estimate that, in general, trade has a sizeable positive effect on growth.

As the emotions in Washington today suggest, the aversion to tax increases runs far deeper than concern about their effect on current economic performance and job growth.

Recognizing also that improving women's economic status also improves the economic status of their families and their communities and thereby creates a multiplier effect for economic growth,

Recognizing also that improving women's economic status also improves the economic status of their families and their communities and thereby creates a multiplier effect for economic growth,

Recognizing also that improving women's economic status also improves the economic status of their families and their communities and thereby creates a multiplier effect for economic growth,

Recognizing also that improving women's economic status also improves the economic status of their families and their communities and thereby creates a multiplier effect for economic growth,

The only desirable scenario, therefore, is a Chinese economy that transmits its stimulus to the rest of the world mainly through rising imports generated by rapid economic growth (i.e., the income effect on import demand), rather than by exchange rate appreciation (the substitution effect).

Favorable external conditions the effect of China s strong growth on higher commodity prices and easy money from yield hungry advanced economy investors led to a partly artificial boom.

Growth in a Time of Debt, the short 2010 paper in which Reinhart and Rogoff claimed that public debt starts to have a significantly detrimental effect on economic growth once it reaches 90 of GDP, was never a celebrated piece of economic research.

Indeed, when ODA is not determined by geopolitics, it can have a strong positive effect on long term growth, essentially because it supports investment in infrastructure and human development.

In a report released last March, the UK s House of Lords Select Committee on Economic Affairs cited disagreement among experts on the issue, with estimates ranging from a 0.5 boost to annual GDP growth in recipient countries to no effect on growth at all.

Keynes predicted that in 100 years that is, by 2030 growth in the developed world would, in effect, have stopped, because people would have enough to lead the good life.

At best, taxes will eventually be raised and spending cut, with a negative effect on growth at worst, the outcome may be direct capital levies (default) or indirect ones (inflation).

Demand is therefore being drained out of the eurozone economies, with stronger external demand, stemming from the euro s depreciation against other major currencies, unable to offset the effect on growth.

No Effect

Substitution effect

Indeed, growth in earnings and profits is now running out of steam, as the effect of weak demand on top line revenues takes a toll on bottom line margins and profitability.

By aiding in the cultivation and growth of individual businesses, creating a legal regime that promotes secured credit can have a positive effect upon the general economic prosperity of a State.