Claim No. 5000462 is for damage to cultural heritage resources claim No. 5000467 is for damage to livestock resources and claim No. 5000303 is for public health damage.

Claim No. 5000463 is for damage to or depletion of other resources and Claim 5000219 relates to damage to public health.

Without proof of actual damage, no claim should succeed.

Recommended award for claim No. 5000468 Claim No. 5000183 Public health Claim No. 5000183 comprises four claim units, with a total asserted value of USD 1,476,336,427, for losses resulting from damage or risk of damage to public health.

The first claim unit is for terrestrial damage the second claim unit is for damage to intertidal shoreline habitats the third claim unit is for damage to marine subtidal habitats the fourth claim unit is for losses of wildlife resources the fifth claim unit is for economic and ecological losses related to fisheries resources and the sixth claim unit is for two other compensatory projects.

The first claim unit is for damage to terrestrial resources the second claim unit is for damage to Kuwait's marine and coastal resources and the third claim unit is for the loss of groundwater resources.

Recommended award for claim No. 5000463 Claim No. 5000219 Public health Claim No. 5000219 comprises three claim units, with an asserted value of USD 19,861,782,707, for damage or risk of damage to public health resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

Claim 5000468 is for expenses for remediation of damage to mudflats.

Claim 5000183 is for expenses and other losses related to public health damage.

Second claim unit Marine and coastal resources The second claim unit is for compensation for damage to marine and coastal resources.

This claim was initially part of Syria's fourth F4 instalment claim No. 5000457 for remediation of damage to agricultural and forestry resources.

Iraq contends that the estimates of impacted areas, damage percentages and duration of damage on which Iran bases its claim are invalid and unsubstantiated.

Recommended award for claim No. 5000462 Claim No. 5000467 Livestock resources Syria seeks compensation in the amount of USD 857,987,973, for damage to its livestock resources.

The claim is for losses during the period between the occurrence of the damage and the time when the damage has been or will be fully remediated.

The claim relates to damage to shoreline areas, wetlands, mangroves, intertidal and subtidal areas and coral reefs.

The Panel considered that this part of the claim was for depletion of or damage to natural resources.

However, the present claim is for damage to cultural heritage property and sites in all areas of Iran.

In the fourth F4 instalment, Saudi Arabia submitted a claim for the cost of remediating marine subtidal damage.

Claim No. 5000460 is for compensation for damage to or depletion of terrestrial, marine and groundwater resources, including the expenses of compensatory projects proposed to address the damage or depletion.

As part of its claim for damage to shoreline resources, Kuwait also seeks monetary compensation for lost recreational opportunities.

For the purposes of the present claim, the Panel considers that, while soot might have caused some short term damage, Saudi Arabia has not provided sufficient evidence to quantify such damage.

Saudi Arabia notes that it did not claim the costs of restoration for these two items of damage in its claim No. 5000455, which was reviewed in the fourth F4 instalment.

Claim No. 5000460 Loss of natural resources Claim No. 5000460 comprises three claim units, with a total asserted value of USD 967,831,391, for loss of ecological and human services resulting from damage to or depletion of terrestrial, marine and groundwater resources.

On 23 December 1998, the secretariat severed the elements relating to environmental damage from claim 5000208 and assigned these elements to claim No. 5000309 which was transferred to the F4 claims category.

The third claim unit is for damage to cultural heritage resources in Iran caused by contamination from the oil well fires.

Saudi Arabia has not considered damage to sea grass areas in assessing the extent of the damage, and claim elements relating to these have not been included in the proposed compensatory project costs. Saudi Arabia has also not included damage to offshore subtidal areas.

Claims for damage to aquatic biota, damage to shoreline resources and lost coastal and marine recreational opportunities ( lost recreational opportunities ) were originally included in the claim for a coastal research centre and marine preserve.

A person has the right to submit a claim for compensation for damage within one year as of the date when the injured party became aware or should have become aware of the damage caused.

Recommended award for claim No. 5000460 Claim No. 5000468 Coastal mudflats Claim 5000468 is for compensation in the amount of USD 267,710,202 for expenses of future measures to remediate damage to Kuwait's coastal mudflats resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation and for future monitoring activities.

Fifth claim unit Marine resources Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 92,722 for damage to or depletion of its marine resources.

In the view of the Panel, the fact that an injured national can bring an individual claim for a specific injury or damage does not affect the right or standing of a State to bring a national claim, so long as there is no duplication in compensation awarded for the same injury or damage.

The fifth claim unit is for monitoring of groundwater resources in Iran to identify and assess damage by pollutants from the oil well fires.

Furthermore, Iraq argues that Syria did not provide adequate evidence of the extent of damage to substantiate its claim for the cost of restoration.

The Panel addressed coastal damage requiring remediation in Kuwait's fourth F4 instalment claim No 5000259 at paragraphs 158 191 of the fourth F4 report, part one.

Summary of recommended awards for the claims of Syria Claim of the Republic of Turkey In the fifth F4 instalment, the Panel reviewed one claim submitted by Turkey for natural resource damage resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait.

With regard to damage from surface blackening of cultural heritage monuments, the Panel finds that Iran does not clearly describe or identify the nature and extent of the damage to the cultural heritage artefacts and sites that are the subject of the claim.

The second claim unit is for damage to or depletion of terrestrial and agricultural resources in Iran caused by contamination from the oil well fires in Kuwait.

Saudi Arabia appears to have adopted a similar classification and approach in its assessment of the extent and nature of damage for the purposes of this claim.

Furthermore, the data provided by Jordan do not support the claim that the increases in water sector investments were due to damage resulting from the presence of refugees.

Saudi Arabia recalls that it submitted a claim in the fourth F4 instalment for the costs of restoration of the damage described in paragraphs 588 and 589 above.

However, Saudi Arabia has not proposed a compensatory project directly related to this claim unit and it does not seek a specific amount as compensation for the damage.

In the review of the claims in the fifth F4 instalment, the Panel has considered whether appropriate measures of mitigation would have reduced the damage in any particular claim.

In the view of the Panel, Jordan has not provided sufficient evidence to substantiate the claim that the presence of the refugees resulted in damage to the Azraq wetlands.

The claim for damage to marine mammal resources is based on information from the published literature, which provides counts of animals killed from late February through mid April 1991.

The first claim unit is for a decrease in fish catches the second claim unit is for a decrease in catches in the Bushehr shrimp fishery the third claim unit is for expenses incurred as a result of the delay in a project with FAO and the United Nations Development Programme ( UNDP ) and the fourth claim unit is for long term damage to the marine environment and fisheries.