Remarkably, my research shows that manufacturing industries tend to close the gap with the technology frontier at the rate of about 3 per year regardless of policies, institutions, or geography.

The key is to close the confidence gap and pave the way for meaningful dialogue.

We believe that the time has come to close the gap between words and reality.

I have found in my research that individual manufacturing industries, such as auto parts or machinery, exhibit what economists call unconditional convergence an automatic tendency to close the gap with productivity levels in advanced countries.

Superficially this looks about right to close the output gap if it is spent this year .

It is not likely that China (or others) will soon close that gap with the US.

The establishment of a Peacebuilding Commission to help countries emerging from conflicts will close an institutional gap.

The gap is due mainly to persistent challenges in deploying the full complement of civilian police officers (only 460 out of a mandated 815), but efforts to close the gap continue.

That strategy supported technology transfer, helping to close the knowledge gap and rapidly improving the quality of manufactured goods.

The Global Renewable Energy Fund of Funds should help close the financing gap for developing renewable energy markets and services worldwide.

But, even if that could be achieved, it would close the trade gap only for as long as Greek prices remained competitive.

Moreover, it is clear that northern European countries could help to close the competitiveness gap more rapidly by encouraging faster wage growth.

Current projections showed that there was an urgent need to close in 2005 a multi million dollar gap between income and expenditure.

Experience shows that it is possible to close the gap between relief and development and transform disasters into opportunities for sustainable development.

Governments and the private sector in this subregion will be supported by UNIDO to help business close the performance gap with their international competitors.

No other African country comes close to matching South Africa in even a single area of research and development. Based on published research papers, the country accounts for 64 of all research undertaken in Africa.

Of course, a government can also close a budget gap by raising taxes, but any sudden shift can significantly magnify the distortions that taxes cause.

No other African country comes close to matching South Africa in even a single area of research and development.

Work on crop and livestock improvement is conducted in close collaboration with the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.

The gap between Europe s security needs and its military capacities is widening, and most European leaders lack the will to do what is necessary to close it.

They could close Japan s salary gender gap wider than in any OECD country except South Korea in part by establishing rules that reward performance rather than seniority.

So lagging countries growth potential is determined by their ability to close the gap with the technology frontier not by how rapidly the frontier itself is advancing.

These increases have helped close the so called financial gap between the estimated resources needed and the estimated resources available for funding an expanded, comprehensive AIDS response.

IMF research puts emerging markets cumulative capital inflows at close to 4 trillion since the onset of QE in 2009.

Richard Doll in 1950 published research in the British Medical Journal showing a close link between smoking and lung cancer.

The first is that the world suffers from a shortage of aggregate demand relative to supply the second is that monetary and fiscal stimulus will close the gap.

Education is the bedrock for progress and educated women will empower Africa, so the focus now must be on those countries that are failing to close the gap.

His delegation was pleased that the Special Rapporteur recognized that Canada had taken up the challenge to close that gap (E CN.4 2005 88 Add.3, p. 2).

In both of these areas, Roma fall so far behind their fellow citizens that targeted measures to close the gap should be an integral part of the Europe 2020 plan.

However, in 2008, a study of young people and self harm saw the gender gap close, with 32 of young females, and 22 of young males admitting to self harm.

In leading this initiative, IUFRO maintains close collaboration with FAO, the Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), the Forum secretariat and other partners.

America s colossal fiscal gap readily calculated using projections by the Congressional Budget Office is close to 1,400 of GDP and dwarfs US official debt, which totals 9 trillion (60 of GDP).

Reaffirming that the widening gap between the economically developed and developing countries is unsustainable and that it impedes the realization of human rights in the international community, and makes it all the more imperative for every nation, according to its capacities, to make the maximum possible effort to close this gap,

Reaffirming that the widening gap between the economically developed and developing countries is unsustainable and that it impedes the realization of human rights in the international community, and makes it all the more imperative for every nation, according to its capacities, to make the maximum possible effort to close this gap,

The eurozone s cohesion and future growth depend critically on creating a framework through grants and loans for investment capital to flow to the poorer countries in order to close the competitiveness gap.

Research shows that whether or not a person obtains professional help is strongly influenced by the encouragement and attitudes of those close to them.

But, since then, the idea has received close attention from many economic researchers, and, frankly, it is hard to find their research results supportive.

There is lots of research showing how close computers and games are to our lives now, and how games affect us in negative ways.

Research activities will be implemented in close cooperation with technical cooperation activities and with a research network that has been gradually built up over the past years with renowned universities and centres of excellence around the world.

Asia s Leadership Gap

Mind the Gap

See that gap there? There's a gap, and it affects all the other stories.

In a monetary union, there are only two ways to close a competitiveness gap between countries transfers from the more competitive to the less competitive, or internal devaluation, which means real wage cuts.

For the alien race in Stephen R. Donaldson's The Gap Cycle, see Amnion (Gap Cycle).

So India s medium term growth potential lies well below that of China in recent decades. A significant boost in infrastructure spending and policy reforms can make a difference, but it cannot close the gap.