Emerging market central banks diversified out of dollars and into gold.

First, central banks suspended the rules of the free market in liquidity squeezes.

320. Zambia had changed from socialist central planning to a free market economy.

The integration process has also been reactivated in Central America, one example being the revival of the Central American Common Market.

Restoring financial market confidence has had to rely on liquidity injections by major central banks.

Algeria learnt with horror and consternation of the shelling of the central market in Sarajevo.

Central bankers are basically hoping that financial market hype by itself can help pull fundamentals higher.

The central place where this self (over)evaluation meets the fewest obstacles is the financial market.

Frankly, had the models at least allowed for the possibility of credit market imperfections, the Fed might have paid more attention to credit market indicators as a reflection of overall financial market conditions, as central banks in emerging market countries do.

Her mantra, You can t buck the market, did contribute to a mindset that led governments and central banks to be reluctant to question unsustainable market trends.

So, central banks must set the price of liquidity in the market day in and day out.

Even when not formally designated as such, central banks have become the guardians of financial market sanity.

The commodities contributing to this increase were coffee and non traditional products for the Central American market.

At the same time, emerging market central banks need to accumulate gold reserves, which they still hold in far lower proportion than do rich country central banks.

(a) Advisory services two advisory service missions to provide assistance to Eastern and Central European ECE member States on transition from central planning to market economy systems

B. Financing to reactivate the Central American Common Market and reduce imbalances in countries apos balance of payments

However, as in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, transition to a market economy is very difficult.

The countries of Central America had moved beyond mere economic (Mr. Arosemena, Panama) cooperation towards greater integration and were continuing their efforts to reactivate the Central American Common Market.

Likewise, many emerging market central banks reacted to slower growth and lower inflation by cutting policy rates as well.

Finance has long been central to thriving market democracies, which is why its current problems need to be addressed.

At the time, the United States did not have a central bank to inject liquidity back into the market.

Demand for gold jewelry in India and China soared. Emerging market central banks diversified out of dollars and into gold.

One key advantage (if not the key advantage) of capitalism over central planning is the information conveyed by market prices.

As a result, Russia has lost its access to cheap Central Asian gas, as well as to the Chinese market.

The first relies on intervention by the central bank in the event of a threat to the sovereign debt market.

B. Financing to reactivate the Central American Common Market and reduce imbalances in countries apos balance of payments . 36 9

An increase in soya flour prices in the markets of Europe and Central America in comparison with the Argentine market

The central idea of this strategy is that the transition to a market economy should be as fast as possible.

More than 400 Palestinians began throwing stones at Israeli undercover units discovered inside and near the market in central Hebron.

In many industries, neither market forces nor central planning are strong enough to bring about the creative destruction of inefficient producers.

The problem comes when expansionary monetary policy via standard open market operations and central bank guarantees of orderly markets prove insufficient.

Bearing in mind the charter establishing the Economic Community of Central African States, by which the Central African countries have agreed to work for the economic development of their subregion, to promote economic cooperation and to establish a Common Market of Central Africa,

Bearing in mind the charter establishing the Economic Community of Central African States, by which the Central African countries have agreed to work for the economic development of their subregion, to promote economic cooperation and to establish a Common Market of Central Africa,

Bearing in mind the charter establishing the Economic Community of Central African States, by which the Central African countries have agreed to work for the economic development of their subregion, to promote economic cooperation and to establish a Common Market of Central Africa,

As emerging market central banks leaned against heavy capital inflows in order to mitigate exchange rate appreciation, their currencies became less volatile.

For example, the ongoing eurozone downturn has hurt Turkey and emerging market economies in Central and Eastern Europe, owing to trade links.

Their central banks can borrow and use the money to buy up some of the flood of risky assets in the market.

Central banks in emerging market countries like Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Peru, Thailand, and South Korea are providing good examples to follow.

Central banks that buy sovereign debt issued by fiscal authorities offset market imposed discipline on borrowing costs, effectively subsidizing public sector profligacy.

According to the followers of Knut Wicksell, the central bank must keep the market rate of interest near the natural rate of interest.

We do not know what the People s Bank of China (PBOC, the central bank) is doing at the moment in the bond market.

True, central planners no longer set wages, prices, interest rates, and quotas but party cadres, not market forces, control the economy s commanding heights.

This is reminiscent of central banks futile efforts, back when fixed exchange rate regimes were common, to stabilize rates above their market equilibrium.

quot 32.34 Central and Eastern European countries are encountering a number of difficulties in their transition from a planned to a market economy.

The global political dimension of the ongoing transition to democracy and a market economy in Central and Eastern Europe has been largely recognized.