A proton pump is an integral membrane protein that is capable of moving protons across a biological membrane.

Now that energy is used to pump protons across the cristae across the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

So you literally have these proteins that are sitting across the membrane.

It is involved in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane and leukotriene metabolism.

So while it is true that the normal stoichiometry of the pump does have a slight negative influence on the membrane potential that's just the membrane potential, the voltage across the membrane the imbalance in the pump stoichiometry is not the main reason for the large negative membrane potential of the cell.

These protons, as well as additional protons pumped across the thylakoid membrane coupled with the electron transfer chain, form a proton gradient across the membrane that drives photophosphorylation and thus the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

lay the ground rules or a ground understanding of the actual voltage potential across the membrane of a neuron.

And then you have that little basement membrane like a thin line of membrane called the basement membrane

In this case the cell neither swells nor shrinks because there is no concentration gradient for water across the cell membrane.

That's the membrane.

In order to essentially excite electrons and then use those electrons to start the process of pumping hydrogens across a membrane.

Here at Penn Medical School, we have a nice teaching program that stimulates the ion fluxes across a generic cell, So the ion flux is just the movement of the ions across the membrane including that due to the sodium potassium pump and that which arises from the resting permeabilities of the membrane.

The membrane is translucent.

And in that case it was in the mitochondria, here the membrane is the thylakoid membrane.

It has an outer membrane and an inner membrane just like that.

The thylakoid has a membrane.

Let me draw the membrane.

Instead, a positive hydrostatic pressure drives water and solutes across the filter membrane from the blood compartment to the filtrate compartment, from which it is drained.

And then this side is normally referred to the basal lateral side, or this membrane, if you view this as a membrane, this would be the basolateral membrane.

That's its outer membrane.

That's its outer membrane.

These are membrane bound.

For example, to cope with toxic drugs, a cancer cell may increase its rate of DNA repair, or actively pump the drug out across the cell membrane.

And the whole time it entered lower and lower energy states, that energy was being used to pump hydrogen across this membrane from the stroma to lumen.

The sinus cavity is lined with a membrane called the Sniderian membrane, which may or may not be perforated.

So these little vesicles, they're docked to the presynpatic membrane or to this axon terminal membrane right there.

And then they pick up the oxygen from inside the alveoli or the oxygen diffuses across the membrane of the alveoli, into these capillaries, into these super small tubes.

It has an outer membrane.

It has an inner membrane.

And so basically what you're going to have is this membrane. So we've got a membrane

literally snared the vesicles to this membrane.

That's going to be ATP, in the form of ATP. It basically has a folded membrane inside a membrane.

The most commonly used membrane is Nafion by DuPont, which relies on liquid water humidification of the membrane to transport protons.

And let me zoom in on the membrane.

So we're zoomed in on the thylakoid membrane.

So this is the thylakoid membrane right there.

Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae.

And this membrane is especially important.

This is a phospobilipid layer membrane.

The membrane working with the chorion is the allantois.

If there's less concentration here than there, the oxygen will diffuse across the membrane and there's less inside the plasma because the hemoglobin is sucking it all up like a sponge.

So, the ideal membrane falls somewhere in the middle.

So on this membrane you have these proteins and these complexes of proteins and molecules that span this membrane.

So the sodium concentration gradient, if there was no membrane here, sodium would want to go across this to kind of make up for all of the lost sodiums over here.

And this pressure forces the seawater through a membrane.