There was a wealth of partners outside the United Nations, and cooperation with them enabled the Organization to improve and expand support to post conflict countries.

Of paramount importance was women's full and equal participation at every level of conflict and post conflict situations, which required, inter alia, an improved recruitment and hiring process based on equitable geographical distribution, gender balance and transparency.

So long as the above factors are ignored, the consequences for the civilians caught in the middle of the conflict will remain catastrophic.

Reform is seen as essential to prevent the recurrence of conflict and to enhance public security, which in turn are necessary to initiate reconstruction and development initiatives.

As the war drags on, it is certain that the ranks of the conflict affected population will only continue to grow, while the ability or willingness of the international community to maintain its current level of assistance may diminish.

Failure to properly address those challenges could precipitate further conflict or result in a sharp decline in social and economic progress.

This conflict may be exacerbated by the outcome in Syria.

The frozen conflict

Conflict

The expectation of conflict can itself become a cause of conflict.

Australia believes peacebuilding must be interpreted broadly to encompass the whole conflict cycle, such that the Protocol would cover pre conflict, conflict and post conflict operations.

A premature exit from conflict areas courts a disastrous slide back into conflict.

Europeans remained divided on the Israeli Palestinian conflict (though to a lesser degree than in previous years), and failed to have an impact on the United Nations vote in November to upgrade Palestine s status.

IV. Armed conflict

The Future of Ideological Conflict

Political struggle and corruption

Women and conflict situations

Broadly speaking, the Commonwealth has a five pronged approach to conflict prevention, conflict management and peacebuilding.

Women's role in conflict prevention, conflict resolution and post conflict reconstruction

Issues behind the conflict need to be dealt with or the conflict will return.

Mine clearance was crucial in conflict and post conflict situations.

Much of the conflict is internal, rather than external and visible.

Turkey s Class Struggle

The Struggle for Syria

Conflict Management and Economic Growth

The battle for public perception

A United Nations operation may be a peacebuilding operation under the Protocol not only at the conflict and post conflict stage, but at the pre conflict stage as well.

The problem is that in post conflict situations, the capacity needed is much greater because of the after effects of the conflict.

A New Year of Global Conflict

We like bacchanal, but we avoid conflict.

Djibouti, a hub in the fight against jihadism

To the parties to the conflict

E. Post conflict reconstruction and rehabilitation

E. Post conflict reconstruction and rehabilitation

Post conflict restitution

The economic struggle has environmental dimensions.

Women at the centre of conflict

Conflict resolution, if it is to be successful, requires channeling the energy generated by conflict toward constructive and nonviolent alternatives.

For the purposes of the protocol, however, the concept of peacebuilding should be limited to conflict and post conflict situations.

A satisfactory level of mutual trust has been achieved at the most senior level.

Some measurements approaches are at the firm level, some at the product level, and still others are at the consumer level.

Hence, the higher the level of development, the lesser the amount of crime, while the lower the level of development, as is the case in Africa, the higher the level of crime.

Avoiding Conflict in the South China Sea

Why do we pay so much attention to this conflict?

Protecting children in situations of armed conflict