The narrator of the story describes his experience of being tortured.

Having concluded this, the Committee does not need to examine the other claims raised by the complainant.

Right not to be tortured or submitted to inhuman or degrading procedure or punishment,

1. No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. In particular, no one shall be subjected without his or her free consent to medical or scientific experimentation.

Reaffirming that freedom from torture is a right that must be protected under all circumstances,

In its conclusion, the Board also stated that it did not consider it probable that the complainant had been subjected to torture, or that he had a well founded fear of being subjected to torture or corporal punishment.

The author claimed violation of his right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment.

2.2 All of these rights and freedoms, except the freedom from torture, are stated to be subject to exceptions which are specified in the provisions.

Right not to be subjected to torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment

Even if it were to be considered established through the evidence that the complainant was tortured in 1997, this does not mean that he has substantiated his claim that he will risk torture in the future.

He fled Uganda in 1981, after he had been unlawfully detained and allegedly tortured several times by military forces.

Right to be free from torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (articles 7, 9 and 10 of the Covenant)

The aim of the determination, however, is to establish whether the individual concerned would be personally at risk of being subjected to torture in the country to which he would return.

However, the aim of the Committee's examination is to establish whether the complainant would be currently at risk of torture if returned.

Recalling that freedom from torture is a right that must be protected under all circumstances, including in times of internal or international disturbance or armed conflict,

Recalling also that freedom from torture is a right that must be protected under all circumstances, including in times of internal or international disturbance or armed conflict,

Similarly, the absence of a consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights does not mean that a person cannot be considered to be in danger of being subjected to torture in his or her specific circumstances.

Similarly, the assertion by the complainant that he is in danger of being tortured by the police and condemned to death if sent back to Pakistan are contradicted by the Committee's observations concerning the risks of arrest.

Similarly, the absence of a consistent pattern of gross violations of human rights does not mean that a person cannot be considered to be in danger of being subjected to torture in his or her specific circumstances.

4.8 The State party concludes that the complainant neither produced sufficient evidence, nor do the circumstances invoked by her suffice to show that the alleged risk of torture fulfils the requirement of being foreseeable, real and personal.

In counsel's view, this information demonstrates that the complainant had been tortured in the past, has been threatened therewith and faces a considerable risk of further torture.

And this, too, was weakened as the US violated basic human rights like habeas corpus and the right not to be tortured, its longstanding commitment to international law was called into question.

Moreover, such monitoring is further frustrated by the fact that persons subjected to torture are often reluctant to speak about the abuse out of fear of further torture as retribution for complaining.

She states, first, that she had taken refuge in France in 1997 for fear of torture in Spain, and, secondly, that she had been found guilty by the French authorities of being an alleged militant of the secessionist organization ETA and that, despite the serious accusations made against her, no request for her extradition had been made by the Spanish authorities.

(d) Ensure compliance with the requirements of article 3, including the proper test of proof, or the risk of torture, when determining whether to expel, return or extradite a person to another State

4.2 With regard to the alleged torture by the Prison Authorities, the State party confirms that it had taken measures to charge the persons held responsible, that the case is still pending and that the accused are currently on bail, pending trial.

The beneficiaries must be victims of torture as defined in article 1 of the Declaration on the Protection of All Persons from Being Subjected to Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (resolution 3452 (XXX)).

8.1 As provided in article 3, paragraph 1, the Committee must decide whether there are substantial grounds for believing that the complainant would be in danger of being subjected to torture if he were returned to Mexico.

No State party shall expel, return ( refouler ) or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,Resolution 217 A (III). which guarantees the right to life, liberty and security of person, freedom from torture or degrading treatment, freedom of movement and protection from arbitrary detention,

3.1 The complainant asserts that he is in danger of being immediately arrested by the police, tortured or ill treated or even condemned to death or summarily executed if he is deported to Pakistan.

It believes that the complainant's statements emphatically do not suggest there are substantial grounds for believing, in keeping with article 3, paragraph 1, of the Convention, that the complainant would be in danger of being tortured if sent back to Pakistan.

6.3 The Committee must decide, as called for in article 3, paragraph 1, of the Convention, whether there are substantial grounds for believing that the complainant would be in danger of being subjected to torture if sent back to Pakistan.

8. Recalls that States shall not expel, return ( refouler ) or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which guarantees, inter alia, the right to life, liberty and security of person, freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, freedom of movement and protection from arbitrary detention,

Also urges States not to expel, return (refouler), extradite or in any other way transfer a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that the person would be in danger of being subjected to torture

Recalling the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which guarantees, inter alia, the right to life, liberty and security of person, freedom from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, freedom of movement and protection from arbitrary detention,

Interactive Torture Map

Shelters for Battered Women

had been tortured in the way he described.

's contention that he was subjected to torture and ill treatment.

Deeply concerned at the continued seriousness of such reported reprisals and that victims suffer violations of the most fundamental human rights, including the right to life, liberty and security of person, as well as the right to freedom from torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment,

While the existence of such conditions may strengthen a complainant's claim, the Committee's jurisprudence establishes that the complainant must adduce additional evidence to show that there is something in his or her personal circumstances which contributes to a personal risk of torture if returned.

These included civil and political rights such as the right not to be tortured, freedom of association, and the right to non discrimination on the basis of sex, race, or ethnic origin and economic, social and cultural rights such as the right to adequate housing or the right to food.

Some of those arrested were reportedly tortured.