(i) Support to water supply and sanitation services

Progress was made in implementing the Water for African Cities and Water for Asian Cities programmes.

These programmes also cover grazing water, forestry and agriculture.

Providing catalytic and continuous support for scaling up sustainable WASH programmes

Although serious water resource limitations had prevented mass availability to the region, Israel's efforts would be instrumental in increasing the water flow.

Mao was well aware of the human cost of these water conservancy campaigns.

Promoting safe and sustainable water supplies through improved water resources management

WASH emergency preparedness

The UNICEF contribution to WASH

(ii) Support to WASH in schools

(c) Women Leaders for WASH.

Information and support will also be provided for the training of WASH focal points.

We also believe it extremely important to ensure the immediate provision of safe drinking water and emergency health services.

Country offices implementing the basic WASH package will rely heavily on WASH professionals in other countries in the region, regional offices and headquarters.

Providing WASH in schools directly meets both requirements.

Consultations on water for Eastern European cities were initiated, while training and capacity building for water supply management was carried out in eight countries.

(e) To promote the provision of clean water in all communities for all their children, as well as universal access to sanitation

Figure 2 Three pillars for effective and sustainable WASH programmes

(b) The African Ministers' Initiative on WASH.

Integrated water resources management plans could provide a broad framework to encompass not only water supply and waste water treatment, but also the development of other options, such as demand side management and waste water recycling and reuse.

Promoting a balanced national WASH programming framework

(Afghanistan) providing training to promote vegetable cultivation at kitchen gardens among impoverished families repairing water channels for irrigation measures.

In Bangladesh, arsenic mitigation efforts in 45 districts led to full coverage with safe water, coupled with rigourous water quality surveillance.

(b) Increasing the provision of safe drinking water and development of healthy sewage systems in various regions of the Arab countries.

The initiative had been the result of discussions held during the United Nations European Space Agency Austria Symposium on Water for the World Space Solutions for Water Management (A AC.105 844).

Drawing on its competencies in emergency WASH programmes, UNICEF will provide appropriate assistance to governments and other stakeholders in the development of national plans for WASH emergency preparedness.

This precipitation has helped provide the abundant water for Latvia's many rivers and lakes, but it has created many problems as well.

Further cooperation will be provided in the area of water management, since industrial effluents are a major source of pollution to rivers.

A prerequisite for education and development, a community priority and a human right

WASH is an important prerequisite for ensuring the right to basic education.

The process of strengthening regional offices with dedicated WASH professionals has already been initiated.

Since the beginning of the program more than 1,000,000 people have benefited from the DREAM program via health education, water filtration, food supplies, mosquito nets, prevention programmes on television, radio and the workplace.

Instead of using full time WASH professionals, most country offices will rely on other staff to serve as WASH focal points.

The health advantages of providing networked water supplies are less dramatic than is often assumed.

It is possible, of course, to envision sharing the costs, but it is no longer possible not to charge for water.

(i) Meeting the WASH related Core Commitments for Children efficiently

Sustainability will be a central design element in all UNICEF supported WASH programmes.

Addressing a child's right to health and education through WASH in schools

Costs and financing The cost of supplying water consists, to a very large extent, of fixed costs (capital costs and personnel costs) and only to a small extent of variable costs that depend on the amount of water consumed (mainly energy and chemicals).

The structure of UNICEF supported WASH programmes at the national level will be guided by the strategies outlined below.

(a) The Global WASH Forum. Held in Dakar in December 2004, the Forum had as one of its main outcomes the Dakar Roadmap for achieving the Millennium Development Goals on water and sanitation, which is included in the matrix of policy options as part of the outcome of the thirteenth session of the Commission on Sustainable Development

Endorses the UNICEF water, sanitation and hygiene strategies for 2006 2015 (E ICEF 2006 6) as the UNICEF official strategy document for programmes of support in the area of water, sanitation and hygiene.

Fully convinced that water, sanitation and human settlements were vital elements of the quality of life, the Government had made freshwater supply for agriculture, industry and households one of its top priorities.

Where public utilities are responsible for supplying both water and sanitation services, some of the interdependencies can be addressed, for example, by planning sewage and waste water treatment in consideration of the need for protection of water quality and drinking water sources.

Neither WASH target will be achieved if poor urban areas are ignored.