. The recession was also marked by a further decline in investment because of depressed demand and political uncertainties.

The result of a decrease in supply and an increase in demand is higher prices.

Profit margins decreased on large vehicles due to increased incentives (in the form of rebates or low interest financing) to offset declining demand.

Fifth, in the long run, a weaker dollar decreases supply and increases demand.

This illustrates a fundamental point in the short run, reduced economic activity is the principle way of lowering oil demand.

It is also worthy of note that the price of DDT has risen over the last couple of years and this may be a trend that persists as a reduced demand erodes the economies of scale in a shrinking production.

The main reason for the lag is not simply low demand or large debts.

First, it makes consumers anxious and depresses demand.

The fall in aggregate demand while potential aggregate supply has been rising because of overinvestment by China and other emerging markets will sharply reduce inflation.

This illustrates a fundamental point in the short run, reduced economic activity is the principle way of lowering oil demand.

Of course, the effects spread through the economy as demand for cars falls, demand for steel also falls, and steel workers are laid off.

These losses then translate into reduced demand for American or German machine tools.

The decrease reflects the impact of lower demand for publications on the maintenance of adequate inventory stock levels.

Workers bargain for money wages, and a reduction in their money incomes might leave total demand too low to employ all those willing to work.

And declining economic activity in the rest of the world is lowering demand for US exports.

These measures, plus a reduction in tax revenues, should reduce the primary surplus and contribute to reviving demand.

The resulting weakness of the US economy will mean lower US import demand.

And if all countries pursue austerity simultaneously, lower demand for each country s goods will lead to lower domestic and foreign consumption, leaving all worse off.

Vigilance had traditionally been associated with low cognitive demand and vigilance decrement with a decline in arousal pursuant to the low cognitive demand, but these views are no longer widely held.

The legalization of abortion on request in South Africa in 1998 saw abortion related deaths drop by 91 .

Lower demand for Greek debt caused its price to fall, meaning that its yield in terms of market interest rates rose.

Central banks respond to lowered demand by reducing interest rates and to higher expected inflation by raising interest rates.

Low interest rates strengthen the ability to pay, and thus boost demand.

When countries suffer from low investment demand, freeing up capital inflows does not do much good.

A less obvious effect is whether that will reduce the demand for Chinese imports or whether that will have any impact on American inflation.

Large increases in public and private expenditures will therefore be required in many regions of the world to counteract falling demand.

Restoring America s savings investment balance implies a reduction in global aggregate demand of around 800 billion.

That means that oil prices have increased in other countries, which should have reduced, not increased, demand.

On the contrary, the larger the fall in domestic demand in response to a cut in government expenditure, the more imports will fall and the stronger the improvement in the current account and thus ultimately the reduction in the risk premium will be.

Reducing this to 20 would spark an impressive increase in demand and employment across many industries.

The demand for stone materials, combined with a low capital investment in Calcutta and the Asansol Durgapur industrial belt, offers an excellent opportunity for the alleviation of poverty.

To manage exorbitant demand for financial and physical assets, China s leaders must address its root cause the low cost of capital.

Falling consumer demand need not cause a recession, since other parts of aggregate demand may rise to counteract this effect.

ESCAP programmes assisted member States in addressing energy demand reduction by encouraging the growth of private sector energy consultant capacities.

Demand is therefore being drained out of the eurozone economies, with stronger external demand, stemming from the euro s depreciation against other major currencies, unable to offset the effect on growth.

All of the major emerging economies face weakening external demand, but India s slowdown has been exacerbated by a drop in investment that reflects a deeper loss of official direction and business confidence.

One narrative features a robust German economy with low unemployment, strong finances, and the right competitive position to exploit the most dynamic segments of global demand.

Otherwise, outsourcing merely reduces demand for domestic labor, just like other efficiency gains.

However, many economies in the ESCAP region have relied on American import demand as an important driver of growth, which would be choked off by a sizeable fall in the dollar.

Because high oil prices both lower demand and raise inflation, central banks respond by doing little or nothing.

If progress is not made in reducing the projected fiscal imbalances and limiting the growth of bank reserves, reduced demand for dollar assets could cause the dollar to fall more rapidly and the interest rate on dollar securities to rise.

Any lower price in euros would cause excess global demand for oil, while a price above 75 euros would not create enough demand to absorb all of the oil that producers wanted to sell at that price.

A recession with depressed mineral prices results in a contraction of the sector, while a boom leads to increased demand and higher prices, thus benefiting the mining sector in Namibia.

The sharp fall in rail freight traffic since the breakup of the Union, reflecting the declining demand associated with economic difficulties and dislocations, largely accounts for the present excess capacity.

The price fall represents a return to more normal conditions after the overheating of the market in 2004, and reflects the fact that demand growth has slowed in most parts of the world while supply has continued to increase.