In 2008, the last year for which figures are available, Japan held 23.4 of the world s reserves and China held 44.8 .

South Korea and Taiwan, for example, have foreign exchange holdings of more than 250 billion each, and China s holdings total more than 2 trillion.

Reserves

(l) Other reserves

(j) Operating reserves

Moreover, since the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the region s emerging economies have increased their holdings of foreign exchange reserves, and now possess more than half of the world s total.

Covering this drop in reserves more than half of gas reserves and a fifth of oil reserves have been consumed with imports implies an annual cost of more than 300 billion.

Africa s natural gas reserves amount to about 8 of global reserves.

Table 6 Comparison of reserves and staff liabilities

Other reserves comprise the following

(g) Transfers to reserves

While the G 20 leaders have decided to support an SDR allocation of 250 billion, this will increase the share of SDRs in total international reserves to no more than 4 .

The activities on all reserves are shown as follows

Africa is estimated to hold more than 10 of global oil reserves and one third of reserves of cobalt and base metals.

That means that banks circulated only 2 of QE2 s contribution, leaving the rest idle. Similarly, since QE3 was launched last September, total bank reserves have grown by 244.1 billion, and excess reserves by 239.4 billion meaning that 99 of the funds remain idle.

a Including earmarked reserves, the total reserves are 70 million for 2002, 93 million for 2003 and 68 million for 2004.

Meanwhile, the fraction of international reserves held in euros grew from 18 to 24 , and the dollar s share dropped from 71 to 66 .

The world s currency reserves were held in a slightly lop sided way at the end of 1971, Germany had reserves worth 17.2 billion, and Japan s were worth 14.1 billion 14 and 11.5 of the world s total, respectively.

a Including earmarked reserves, the total reserves are 70 million for 2002, 93 million for 2003 and 68 million for 2004.

Child 2 217 First language 1 848 net per annum.

It has 10 of global oil reserves.

Total reserves of titanium are estimated to exceed 600 million tonnes.

The idea was to permit countries whose official dollar holdings were larger than they were comfortable with to convert dollars into SDRs.

First, unlike in some other countries, Chinese commercial banks are paid reasonable interest rates on required reserves, except for the extra reserves that they hold.

Altogether the three sites make up 50 of the total plant variety, in Sumatra.

The obvious candidate for this reserve fund was US Treasury bills.

Selling 2 trillion of reserves will take years.

At the time of the announcement, the country had 5.65 billion in cash reserves.

Net pension Net pensionable salary is that part of net salary that is used to derive the gross pensionable salary.

Net pension Net pensionable salary is that part of net salary that is used to derive the gross pensionable salary.

Total net Total net remuneration is the sum of the non pensionable component and the net pensionable salary.

For someone with a 15 marginal tax rate, a 2 of AGI cap would limit total deductions and exclusions to about 13 of AGI.

Total expenditure on health (including private sector spending) is around 9.8 of GDP.

Run down the financial reserves and wealth that were accumulated when the economy was doing better.

Today, currencies other than the dollar account for 40 of identified international reserves.

The problem is not a lack of reserves, but Gazprom s investment strategy.

The first is to weaken China s incentive to accumulate reserves.

But almost all of the reserves sit idle on commercial banks balance sheets.

In normal times, there are valid reasons for paying interest on excess reserves.

Dependency allowances (net per annum)

Total income 2001 2002 US 1,031,600

Overall programme expenditure, 2004

Aggregate procurement value and trends

Despite opposition from environmental groups, these reserves will be easier to exploit than those in Europe, because they are largely located in sparsely populated areas.

Modest estimates put these reserves at around 30 billion barrels.