(b) The plan should indicate the method of procurement, in line with the Procurement Manual and existing guidelines.

Secondly, the provisions would enable the use of ERAs as a procurement method rather than an optional phase in other procurement methods.

E procurement is yet to be reflected in procurement policy and procedures manuals as an alternative method to manual transactions.

(a) The enabling provisions should be based on the use of electronic reverse auctions as a procurement method rather than a phase in other procurement methods

In the light of experience gained and of initiatives at the regional and international levels, it appears likely that this purchasing method will receive acceptance as an appropriate method of public procurement.

Whether ERA is an optional phase or a distinct method, a decision on the use of ERA in procurement proceedings is to be made at the procurement planning stage since it has to be reflected in the procurement notice (see below, para.

While little difference is found in the regulations of the auction phase, stages before and after it are regulated differently depending on whether ERA is an optional additional phase in other procurement methods ( optional phase ) or a distinct procurement method ( distinct method ) (see A CN.9 WG.I WP.35, paras.

Consequently, as tendering is the general procurement method for goods and construction, the provisions enable an electronic reverse auction procedure that follows the pattern of the standard tendering method, adapted to provide for an electronic reverse auction.

Although most aspects of ERAs are to be addressed in procurement laws and regulations, the introduction of this electronic purchasing method in public procurement may necessitate adjustments in other relevant branches of law, such as competition and general public administration law.

If the ERA is used as a distinct method, while some general procurement rules may still apply, most of the aspects are subject to separate regulations.

For example, the publication of a notice that a single source procurement or procurement without a competitive method in case of emergency is utilized has to be published under the Virginia Public Procurement Act (VPPA), as amended, article 2, 2.2 4303, paras. E and F (available at http www.eva.state.va.us dps Manuals docs VPPA.pdf).

Other delegations noted that the decision had been taken on the basis that allowing electronic reverse auctions as a phase in other procurement methods would undermine the principle of tendering that was the preferred procurement method under the Model Law.

At its seventh session, the Working Group noted that electronic reverse auctions were increasingly used as a method of procurement in those countries where e commerce had become a norm.

Consequently, no special policies and rules have yet been devised specifically for this method of procurement that requires a special regulatory regime encompassing issues of security, electronic signatures, system integrity, backup arrangements, etc.

3 bis. The revised article 9 of the Model Law provides that the procuring entity may choose the method by which it will communicate with suppliers or contractors in the procurement process.

Method of amendment 14 Method of suspension 14 Other procedural matters 14

The Inspector concurs with the above points of view, but observes that the method used to compare procurement staff productivity and cost addresses more specifically the important issue of the overhead structure and cost, which is essentially the staffing and cost of the procurement function within the United Nations system in 2002.

Some of the challenges are even more acute at field duty stations, especially with respect to ICT capabilities and environment, which will limit recourse to this procurement method for many years to come.

In the former case, most of the procedural aspects of the procurement proceedings before and after the ERA, such as giving notice of auction, identification and selection of bidders and qualification processes, are regulated in the context of the relevant procurement method in general, rather than in the more narrow context of the ERA itself.

Method of voting

Method of voting

Method of elections

Method of voting

Method of election

Method of voting

Method of elections

Method of voting

Method

Some questions of method

Method of voting 40 53.

Method of voting 76 53.

Method of elections 77 59.

Method of voting 106 35.

Method of election 107 40.

Method of voting 144 53.

Method of elections 145 59.

Method of dealing with complaints

Method of voting 182 55.

Method of elections 184 61.

The method described in this section is meant as an overview of the direct stiffness method.

Slicing Method

Diagonal Method

Overview of procurement

Thirdly, it should considerably facilitate procurement reform and the pooling of procurement services.

The procuring entity is required, under the proposed article, to apply the accessibility standards discussed earlier in this Note to the selection of the submission method, consistent with the choice to be made in any form of communication in the procurement.