Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment.

In thermodynamics a closed system is in thermodynamic equilibrium when reactions occur at such rates that the composition of the mixture does not change with time.

Most systems found in nature are not in thermodynamic equilibrium for they are changing or can be triggered to change over time, and are continuously and discontinuously subject to flux of matter and energy to and from other systems and to chemical reactions.

Equilibrium chemistry is a concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium.

An understanding of statistical thermodynamic molecular theory is fundamental to the appreciation of molecular solutions.

In solid state physics, the work function (sometimes spelled workfunction) is the minimum thermodynamic work (i.e.

Thus, each strategy in a Nash equilibrium is a best response to all other strategies in that equilibrium.

Kepler 40b has an equilibrium temperature of 1620 K, over six times hotter than the equilibrium temperature of Earth.

However, due to the connection between thermodynamic entropy and information entropy, this also meant that the recorded measurement must not be erased.

The equilibrium yuan dollar rate is a chimera not because China s trade could never be balanced, but because the exchange rate alone does not determine equilibrium.

The new government s fragile equilibrium only reinforces this sober interpretation.

Observers debate whether it will eventually reach a new equilibrium.

However, it may be noted that the input electrical energy is of higher thermodynamic quality (lower entropy) than the output thermal energy (heat energy).

However, there is an equilibrium between dissolved calcium bicarbonate and dissolved calcium carbonate Ca2 2HCO3 Ca2 CO32 CO2 H2Owhere the equilibrium is driven by the carbonate bicarbonate, not the calcium.

Sodar systems are used to measure wind speed at various heights above the ground, and the thermodynamic structure of the lower layer of the atmosphere.

For example, for a thermodynamic system consisting of a piston containing water vapour, the particle number is the number of water molecules in the system.

The theory holds that financial markets do not tend towards equilibrium.

These changes are likely to make today s attempts to find an equilibrium yuan dollar exchange rate seem just as chimerical in hindsight as previous calculations of the yen dollar equilibrium rate.

Employment cannot be sustained above its equilibrium path by inflating effective demand.

There is no way to reestablish economic equilibrium in one fell swoop.

They created the scenarios using outputs from equilibrium and or transient GCMs.

That equilibrium lies at the heart of the potential of those mechanisms.

The existence of a thermodynamic arrow of time implies that the system is highly ordered in one time direction only, which would by definition be the past .

Pessimistic observers foresee a continual decline of freedom rather than a liberal equilibrium.

So, when the free energy change is large (more than about 30 kJ mol 1), then the equilibrium constant is large (log K 3) and the concentrations of the reactants at equilibrium are very small.

We need fewer equilibrium business cycle theorists and more old fashioned Keynesians and monetarists.

Society will be exposed to putrid legislation and that will affect the societal equilibrium .

As the economist Joan Robinson pointed out in 1947, just about any exchange rate will be the equilibrium value for some combination of these other variables. The equilibrium exchange rate, she famously argued, is a chimera.

The thermodynamic benefits of host guest chemistry are derived from the idea that there is a lower overall Gibbs free energy due to the interaction between host and guest molecules.

And, because the current bout of high unemployment is self reinforcing, once the equilibrium is broken for a while, the economy could move to a higher employment equilibrium permanently, without the need for any further government support.

So economists talk about game theory that every two person game has a Nash equilibrium.

Balance of nature (biological fallacy) A discredited concept of natural equilibrium in predator prey dynamics.

There is also an equilibrium of carbon dioxide between dissolved in water (dis) and the gaseous state (g) CO2(dis) CO2(g)The equilibrium of CO2 also moves to the right towards gaseous CO2 when the water temperature rises.

Here is why. The market is now in equilibrium with the price of oil at 120.

Our primary aim is the restoration of peace and, if not stability, an acceptable political equilibrium.

When m1 m2, the machine is in neutral equilibrium regardless of the position of the weights.

Uranus has 27 named moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium.

It is in dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and gas states at standard temperature and pressure.

As for the exchange rate, PPP is only one of many ways to calculate its equilibrium level.

In this way, speculation accelerates the process of finding an equilibrium price and stabilizing the physical market.

In retrospect, it is easy to see why none of these supposed equilibrium exchange rates delivered external balance.

This should create opportunity for investors, especially if there is a downward overshoot as the new equilibrium emerges.

For a step in a process to be reversible, the system must be in equilibrium throughout the step.

Criticisms The natural rate hypothesis makes the fundamental assumption that there exists a unique equilibrium level of unemployment.

The universal view was that without the industrial and agricultural revolutions, planet Earth would still be in equilibrium.