The equilibrium yuan dollar rate is a chimera not because China s trade could never be balanced, but because the exchange rate alone does not determine equilibrium.

These changes are likely to make today s attempts to find an equilibrium yuan dollar exchange rate seem just as chimerical in hindsight as previous calculations of the yen dollar equilibrium rate.

As the economist Joan Robinson pointed out in 1947, just about any exchange rate will be the equilibrium value for some combination of these other variables. The equilibrium exchange rate, she famously argued, is a chimera.

At equilibrium the rate of transfer of CO2 from the gas to the liquid phase is equal to the rate from liquid to gas.

As for the exchange rate, PPP is only one of many ways to calculate its equilibrium level.

Criticisms The natural rate hypothesis makes the fundamental assumption that there exists a unique equilibrium level of unemployment.

In physical organic chemistry, a free energy relationship or linear Gibbs energy relation relates the logarithm of a reaction rate constant or equilibrium constant for one series of reactions with the logarithm of the rate or equilibrium constant for a related series of reactions.

The equilibrium rotation rate varies directly with the flow velocity and inversely with the distance between the magnet and the duct.

Equilibrium chemistry is a concerned with systems in chemical equilibrium.

This is reminiscent of central banks futile efforts, back when fixed exchange rate regimes were common, to stabilize rates above their market equilibrium.

But the one thing about which everyone seems to agree is the theoretically and empirically unjustified assumption that an equilibrium exchange rate actually exists.

The first, the Secular Stagnation Hypothesis, has been proposed by Larry Summers. Its key premise is that the equilibrium interest rate at which demand would balance supply is currently below the actual interest rate.

As a result, balance of payments equilibrium would be reached at a certain exchange rate level, but a current account surplus (albeit smaller) would still exist.

Thus, each strategy in a Nash equilibrium is a best response to all other strategies in that equilibrium.

Exchange rate equilibrium calculations from the 1970 s and 1980 s, which could only have been based on the export sector s contemporary structure, naturally would have little relevance subsequently.

Kepler 40b has an equilibrium temperature of 1620 K, over six times hotter than the equilibrium temperature of Earth.

MUNICH Despite huge rescue packages, interest rate spreads in Europe refuse to budge. Markets have not yet found their equilibrium, and the governments on Europe s southwestern rim are nervously watching how events unfold.

The new government s fragile equilibrium only reinforces this sober interpretation.

Observers debate whether it will eventually reach a new equilibrium.

However, there is an equilibrium between dissolved calcium bicarbonate and dissolved calcium carbonate Ca2 2HCO3 Ca2 CO32 CO2 H2Owhere the equilibrium is driven by the carbonate bicarbonate, not the calcium.

The theory holds that financial markets do not tend towards equilibrium.

Employment cannot be sustained above its equilibrium path by inflating effective demand.

There is no way to reestablish economic equilibrium in one fell swoop.

They created the scenarios using outputs from equilibrium and or transient GCMs.

That equilibrium lies at the heart of the potential of those mechanisms.

Pessimistic observers foresee a continual decline of freedom rather than a liberal equilibrium.

So, when the free energy change is large (more than about 30 kJ mol 1), then the equilibrium constant is large (log K 3) and the concentrations of the reactants at equilibrium are very small.

We need fewer equilibrium business cycle theorists and more old fashioned Keynesians and monetarists.

Society will be exposed to putrid legislation and that will affect the societal equilibrium .

And, because the current bout of high unemployment is self reinforcing, once the equilibrium is broken for a while, the economy could move to a higher employment equilibrium permanently, without the need for any further government support.

So economists talk about game theory that every two person game has a Nash equilibrium.

Balance of nature (biological fallacy) A discredited concept of natural equilibrium in predator prey dynamics.

There is also an equilibrium of carbon dioxide between dissolved in water (dis) and the gaseous state (g) CO2(dis) CO2(g)The equilibrium of CO2 also moves to the right towards gaseous CO2 when the water temperature rises.

Here is why. The market is now in equilibrium with the price of oil at 120.

Our primary aim is the restoration of peace and, if not stability, an acceptable political equilibrium.

When m1 m2, the machine is in neutral equilibrium regardless of the position of the weights.

Uranus has 27 named moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium.

It is in dynamic equilibrium between the liquid and gas states at standard temperature and pressure.

In this way, speculation accelerates the process of finding an equilibrium price and stabilizing the physical market.

In retrospect, it is easy to see why none of these supposed equilibrium exchange rates delivered external balance.

This should create opportunity for investors, especially if there is a downward overshoot as the new equilibrium emerges.

For a step in a process to be reversible, the system must be in equilibrium throughout the step.

Thermodynamic stability occurs when a system is in its lowest energy state, or chemical equilibrium with its environment.

The universal view was that without the industrial and agricultural revolutions, planet Earth would still be in equilibrium.

The effective interest rate, effective annual interest rate, annual equivalent rate (AER) or simply effective rate is the interest rate on a loan or financial product restated from the nominal interest rate as an interest rate with annual compound interest payable in arrears.