This can be done without announcing a specific target level for the exchange rate.

BEIJING The exchange rate of the renminbi has once again become a target of the United States Congress.

First, President François Hollande, worried about the euro s appreciation against other major world currencies, called for an exchange rate target.

Exchange Rate Disorder

Currency exchange rate

Currency exchange rate

Exchange rate fluctuation

(f) Exchange rate

China s Exchange Rate Puzzle

Consider the exchange rate.

Accounting for exchange rate fluctuations

BEIJING The exchange rate of the renminbi has once again become a target of the United States Congress. China bashing, it seems, is back in fashion in America.

The first is exchange rate relationships.

Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations 1,840.8

(n) Reserve for exchange rate fluctuations

The existing exchange rate arrangements in most ESCWA member countries incorporate negative aspects of the two extremes of exchange rate regimes.

Second, the exchange rate is vitally important.

The prevailing exchange rate system is lopsided.

Exchange rate euro to United States dollar

This means that the fiscal authorities have a big responsibility to target a structural fiscal surplus that is high enough to generate the space needed for real exchange rate depreciation.

There was no automated exchange rate control over transactions coming from field offices, which entails a risk of posting the wrong exchange rate.

There was no automated exchange rate control over transactions coming from field offices, which entails a risk of posting the wrong exchange rate.

Europe's fixed exchange rate mechanism collapsed in 1992.

The second difference concerns the exchange rate regime.

a Based on December 2005 rate of exchange.

Exchange rate of assessed contributions paid in US

Both structural factors and the exchange rate are discussed.

The 1992 exchange rate crisis then tipped the balance.

They can t lower the exchange rate to aid exports.

Moreover, the US protests other countries exchange rate policies.

This strategy does not imply a pre specified target zone for exchange rates.

The PBC should target the renminbi s rate of real appreciation, rather than the inflation rate under a stable renminbi.

The target growth rate was met by only six countries in 2004.

That way, limited interest rate spreads could do the work of its missing exchange rate mechanism.

a The exchange rate used (0.753) is the average rate for the period January March 2005.

d The exchange rate used (0.753) is the average rate for the period January March 2005.

c The exchange rate used (0.753) is the average rate for the period January March 2005.

a The exchange rate used (0.753) is the average rate for the period January March 2005.

The claim that exchange rate appreciation will reduce a country s trade surplus is false, because, in globally integrated economies, domestic investment falls when the exchange rate appreciates.

The dollar is part of an exchange rate Rubik s cube.

The international exchange rate system is at least partially broken.

Recent US elections rarely spared China, which found itself a frequent target of populist demagoguery. Its exchange rate regime, which pegs the Renminbi to the US dollar, was blamed for the mounting US trade deficit.

There is huge room to maneuver between the extremes of targeting a specific level of the real exchange rate and disowning any interest in the real exchange rate.

But neither country, apparently, did so by manipulating its exchange rate.

In fact, this will happen whatever the exchange rate between currencies.