In recognition of these concerns, negotiating partners needed to seek to extend adequate transitory adjustment support measures to cushion developing countries from anticipated trade shocks.

Greater reliance on equity would give banks a much larger cushion to absorb losses.

Fortunately, China s relatively strong fiscal and foreign exchange positions can cushion the economy against short term shocks.

With that guarantee broken by Lehman Brothers collapse, every financial institution immediately sought to acquire a much greater capital cushion in order to avoid the need to draw on government support, but found it impossible to do so.

Moreover, the European welfare state will cushion the impact of the economic crash, at least for some time.

Regulators then shifted to edicts requiring banks to maintain a specified capital cushion, thick enough to cover potential losses.

Emerging market policymakers believe that they lack recourse to safety nets that would cushion the impact of volatile flows.

At the time the French government favoured new technology, exploring the production of hovercraft and the Aérotrain air cushion vehicle.

The quality of cut can be inferior if the grass is pushed away from the blade by the cushion of air.

However, to the extent that public investment grows, aggregate demand increases correspondingly, generating some growth and creating a cushion against recession.

We therefore call for fairer rules to govern international business and trade, in particular measures to cushion the impacts of adverse changes.

It funded the investment imperatives of economic development and boosted the cushion of foreign exchange reserves that has shielded China from external shocks.

In particular, if the firm s equity capital erodes, the government should not provide funds (directly or indirectly) to increase the cushion available to bondholders.

This breakdown suggests that the 8 trillion cushion would be sufficient to offset potential losses arising from higher risk credit in China s commercial banking sector.

Such an arrangement would provide a cushion to protect investors from potential or unanticipated declines in the expected flow of revenue available for debt servicing.

In a few weeks, we will put in place a social safety net that will cushion the impact of high oil prices on the poor.

Its core was the belief that the state could provide both stable economic growth and social welfare to cushion the negative side effects of free markets.

Indeed, if official funding were junior, it would be providing a larger cushion to private creditors and thus bailing them out to an even greater extent.

He himself was in the stern, asleep on the cushion, and they woke him up, and told him, Teacher, don't you care that we are dying?

Too many Americans built no cushion into their budgets, and mortgage companies, focusing on the fees generated by new mortgages, did not encourage them to do so.

In addition, such insulation discourages the raising of additional capital, inducing executives to run banks with a capital level that provides an inadequate cushion for bondholders and depositors.

They do not have the luxury of cobbling together fiscal stimulus packages or rescuing ailing industries in order to cushion the shock brought about by the economic crisis.

Reaching the wrong agreement to defuse the austerity bomb, or cushion the economy from its impact, would merely recreate America s long run structural budget deficit a very bad outcome.

At the end of 2012, China s commercial banks held 6.4 trillion in core capital and 1.5 trillion in non performing loan provisions, for a risk cushion of roughly 8 trillion.

Announcing the abolition of the hukou system might be easy, but it would mean little without institutions that can cushion the risks faced by rural migrant workers in China s cities.

Oil and gas export revenues were being paid into a national fund, to assure sustainable social and economic development and cushion the country against the impact of unfavourable external factors.

Since private debts have a way of turning into public liabilities, a low government debt burden might not, in fact, provide these countries with the cushion that they think they have.

However, even for financial systems, there is disagreement about other attributes, such as the ability to provide a financial cushion with which to soften the impact of unexpected economic downturns or turbulence.

58. Also requests the Secretary General to ensure that posts are not deliberately left vacant to provide a cushion for absorbing the costs of special missions and other activities authorized within available resources

For fiscal policy, the crisis showed the value of maintaining low public debt and deficits during good times countries with healthier public finances have more space to cushion the economic impact of crises.

But governments should play it safe by starting to take more steps now to cushion, soften, and shorten the period of high unemployment and slow or negative growth that now looks very likely.

It seeks to examine a set of policy measures aiming to cushion the impact of economic and social downturns and overcome prevailing conditions. Existing inequities suggest there is a need for redistributive policies.

First, he is negotiating side deals with holdout senators to cushion the economic impact on coal states and to increase US investments in the research and development, and eventually adoption, of clean coal technologies.

The problem is imminent in North America, the Euro Area, and Japan. But, before long, many developing countries will also have to face up to it, and in many cases without a cushion of affluence.

In addition to providing a cushion for planning contingencies, the liquidity provision covers the cash flow imbalance that often occurs in the first quarter of the year, when disbursements can exceed receipts for regular resources.

If the financial crisis reveals a structural problem in banking, it is more likely to come from insufficient capital to cushion a bank s fall, or from too many financial institutions having become too big to fail.

The IMF has already moved quickly to help many of our member countries in this time of crisis, including by protecting social spending in order to cushion the impact of the crisis on the most vulnerable.

The government s Reserve Fund, created to cushion the economy from a fall in oil prices, stands at 140 billion, and the National Welfare Fund, intended mainly to solve the coming pension crisis, holds another 30 billion.

A growing number of people, inside and outside of the country, are starting to blame the revolution itself for derailing an economy that was growing, reducing its external debt burden, and maintaining a comfortable cushion of international reserves.

An even larger portion would have been unprofitable without the government subsidies that cushion potential losses. Such losses do not include additional significant direct and external costs to the ocean ecosystem and coastal communities that rely upon it.

Obsessed with the war on terror as well as an ideology of privatizing the functions of government, the administration systematically sapped FEMA s long term ability to prevent disaster or at least cushion the blows when prevention is not possible.

Since early 2009, the Fund has had significantly greater resources to lend to countries in trouble, to cushion the blow of crisis, and to offer a form of international circuit breaker when it looks like the lights might otherwise go out.

Meanwhile, it can use its 2 trillion of reserves as a cushion when the US and global economy sag. China s economic growth may slow as its exports to the US and Europe weaken, but it is less dependent on these markets than most people assume.

The Rural Development and Agricultural Market Regulation Act provides for different types of state support interest rate support, training support, apprenticeship training support, support for farm relief services, joint economic activity support for agricultural producers, etc.

Besides, what would a containment policy applied to Russia today look like? Russia s leaders, tucked behind the political safety cushion provided by high energy prices, rightly feel that time is working in their favor, that we in the West need Russia more than Russia needs us.