In addition to providing a cushion for planning contingencies, the liquidity provision covers the cash flow imbalance that often occurs in the first quarter of the year, when disbursements can exceed receipts for regular resources.

Call it information liquidity, akin to financial liquidity.

Is Liquidity Enough?

The Liquidity Puzzle

Greater reliance on equity would give banks a much larger cushion to absorb losses.

The Liquidity Time Bomb

Confronting the Coming Liquidity Crisis

The IMF recently established the Short Term Liquidity Facility to help strong performing members facing temporary liquidity problems.

Fortunately, China s relatively strong fiscal and foreign exchange positions can cushion the economy against short term shocks.

The third problem concerns international liquidity.

The fact that there is even a small liquidity crunch for banks implies larger liquidity crunches for less intensively regulated financial institutions, and even greater liquidity crunches for manufacturing and real estate companies.

Moreover, the European welfare state will cushion the impact of the economic crash, at least for some time.

Regulators then shifted to edicts requiring banks to maintain a specified capital cushion, thick enough to cover potential losses.

Emerging market policymakers believe that they lack recourse to safety nets that would cushion the impact of volatile flows.

But instead of trying to find a way to cushion the possible impact of such a shock, the ECB is rejecting out of hand any sort of restructuring. Indeed, it is raising the specter of a chain reaction by invoking the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, and threatening to punish any restructuring by cutting banks access to liquidity.

At the time the French government favoured new technology, exploring the production of hovercraft and the Aérotrain air cushion vehicle.

Such taxes surely reduce liquidity in financial markets.

This generates liquidity, which then stimulates GDP growth.

First, the factors which allow a distinction to be made between liquidity and solvency problems are not clearly set. What determines a liquidity crisis?

The breakdown was fundamentally a liquidity crisis, and liquidity was easily restored in several ways the New York banks issued their own liquidity through a clearing house one massively powerful financial institution, J.P. Morgan, bought up collapsing shares, and thus reversed a market panic and a scramble for liquidity and European central banks supplied gold to the American market.

The quality of cut can be inferior if the grass is pushed away from the blade by the cushion of air.

However, to the extent that public investment grows, aggregate demand increases correspondingly, generating some growth and creating a cushion against recession.

He or she should not attempt to centralize information, but rather to make it flow more smoothly. Call it information liquidity, akin to financial liquidity.

It taxes liquidity, which many believe is overly abundant.

Liquidity risk is best hedged through diversification across time.

We therefore call for fairer rules to govern international business and trade, in particular measures to cushion the impacts of adverse changes.

If you believe that the crisis was caused by a shortage of liquidity, we had plenty of models analyzing liquidity shortages and their effects on financial institutions.

But there were two risks to liquidity driven asset reflation.

massive and unlimited provision of liquidity to solvent financial institutions

Subsidizing labor, by contrast, is a pure injection of liquidity.

UNICEF met its internal liquidity guideline for the year 2004.

It funded the investment imperatives of economic development and boosted the cushion of foreign exchange reserves that has shielded China from external shocks.

Sometimes the RCB acted as the government s banker, providing liquidity without considering the financial markets at other times, it focused on the financial markets, providing liquidity to banks.

In particular, if the firm s equity capital erodes, the government should not provide funds (directly or indirectly) to increase the cushion available to bondholders.

It is not that the world economy faces a liquidity squeeze.

Critics might cite the moral hazard risk generated by liquidity support.

The ECB s surprise liquidity operation put the continent s crisis on hold.

Liquidity is just a nice sounding word to interpret this phenomenon.

This breakdown suggests that the 8 trillion cushion would be sufficient to offset potential losses arising from higher risk credit in China s commercial banking sector.

Such an arrangement would provide a cushion to protect investors from potential or unanticipated declines in the expected flow of revenue available for debt servicing.

In a few weeks, we will put in place a social safety net that will cushion the impact of high oil prices on the poor.

In recognition of these concerns, negotiating partners needed to seek to extend adequate transitory adjustment support measures to cushion developing countries from anticipated trade shocks.

This liberated a lot of liquidity for financial activities, gambling, and speculation.

But there are two other aspects of liquidity management that deserve attention.

Institutional arrangements in regional liquidity provision and economic surveillance must be enhanced.