Lula was accused of corruption and patronage.

Renaissance Florence depended on the patronage of the Medici.

Such patronage extends to the military establishment itself.

Reforms to patronage systems most often produce bureaucratic merit systems.

It flourished during the Second French Empire, with the patronage of Napoleon III.

Much as Austria s alignment with Germany drove the Slavs to seek Russian patronage at the expense of imperial unity, European alignments with Russia drive the new members to seek US patronage at the expense of EU unity.

Both the Chinese Communist Party and the People s Liberation Army could survive without US patronage.

Though the Chávez revolution has made progress against poverty and inequality, it is hardly sustainable and reeks of patronage.

Based on surveys of local officials, patronage, not merit, has become the most critical factor in the appointment process.

But weak regional linkages limit small firms growth potential, forcing them to depend on state patronage.

Privatisation of state assets has done much for the economy, but has also been used for patronage and empire building.

The idealism of India s freedom movement quickly evaporated after independence in the face of the opportunities for patronage that came with power.

Under the patronage of the Islamic Foundation, an encyclopedia of Islam in the Bengali language was being compiled in the late 1980s.

on everything ever produced under Islamic or Arab patronage in the past 1,400 years, from Spain to the borders of China.

Here, the basic model in place or the place from which many Governments start may well be patronage.

Following on from its country level patronage, designed to foster the image of a socially responsible company, Carrefour decided to set up a second independent structure to intervene in such areas as humanitarian action, health, scientific and medical research, culture, education, the fight against exclusion and protection of the environment.

The most recent President s Conference, held in June in Jerusalem under the patronage of Israeli President Shimon Peres, was highly symbolic of this evolution.

If Qatar fails to use its resources wisely, it may lose the legitimacy that it needs to underpin its patronage.

Patronage systems also referred to as spoils systems by many link public employment to political, ethnic, tribal or personal ties.

If anything, China has proven that a country can blend control, coercion, and patronage to stymie the Internet s politically liberalizing elements.

They all point to economies where development is impeded by bureaucracy, monopoly rents often the result of political patronage or nepotism and sclerotic credit markets.

Financial bubbles, like the one that has just definitively burst, are intimately related to the world of art. Renaissance Florence depended on the patronage of the Medici.

It is being organized by UNCTAD under the patronage of the CSTD, in collaboration with the Trieste system of scientific institutions and the United Nations ICT Task Force.

A similar bias arises from the occasional tendency to view political patronage elsewhere as being more corrupt than the same practices at home.

Essentially, what he said to the Iranians was this Why are you entering this conflict? We don t need your patronage or your support.

But the ANC government will still have to focus on short term measures and patronage in order to shore up its electoral support.

As individuals in such regimes ascend the hierarchy, patronage and risk aversion become the most critical factors in determining their chances for promotion.

An independent Catalonia could be very different from today s Spain where economic crisis, opacity and patronage politics are often denounced to be commonplace.

Kennedy, the British Council, the University of Hull, the Patronage of Discharged Prisoners and the Centre for International Cooperation on Crime Prevention and Justice, 24 and 25 August 2000.

Among other measures undertaken with a view to building civil society institutions, Qatar, under the patronage of Her Highness Sheikha Moza bint Nasser Al Misnad, the First Lady, and the President of the Supreme Council for Family Affairs, had set up the Qatari Foundation for the Protection of Women and Children, the Qatari Orphan Foundation and the Cultural Centre for Motherhood and Childhood.

Almost all countries undergoing a shift from a pre industrial equilibrium based on patronage to one based on modern institutions and the rule of law have faced such crises of legitimacy.

International Protection Including Through Complementary Forms of Protection

The rural urban divide wedded the grassroots rural population to upcountry patronage networks and vote buying, while elected politicians reaped their rewards through corruption and graft.

However, before abandoning recruitment practices founded on the doctrine of security of tenure, it would be necessary to weigh the benefits of contractual appointments against the risks of a resurgence of politicization and patronage.

These are only a handful of examples. They all point to economies where development is impeded by bureaucracy, monopoly rents often the result of political patronage or nepotism and sclerotic credit markets.

The Office of the High Representative followed the work of the agency in order to exclude overt party patronage from the hiring process, meanwhile offering advice on human resources legislation and policy.

The widespread belief among micro financiers is that the curbs were imposed not because the industry was exploitative, but because it offered an alternative to political patronage.

(NASA in particular has been constrained by years of political infighting and patronage in the US Congress, to the point where its mission seems to be employment maintenance rather space exploration.)

The research resulted in the publication of volumes on the protection of vulnerable groups, the protection of minorities, the protection of women's rights, the protection of the rights of indigenous peoples, and the protection of economic, social and cultural rights.

Welcomes IRCICA's initiative to organize an International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in West Africa to be organized in cooperation with the Republic of Mali under the high patronage of President Amadou Toumani Toure.

Patronage systems change dramatically as leadership and power shifts in national crises, partisan differences may well be exemplified within government bureaucracies as well as in the larger society.

Few Party officials really wanted to be troubled by the complexities of such calculations anyway, but either abided by them or paid them lip service, for the sake of maintaining patronage and seeking promotion.

Welcomes the project of the forthcoming Second International Symposium on Islamic Civilization in Volga Ural Region in Kazan, capital of Tatarstan, on 24 26 June 2005, under the patronage of H.E. Mintimer Shaimiev, President of Tatarstan.

They just want a responsible government that will go about the people's business without all the patronage networks and infighting that usually accompanies what passes for governance in Lebanon.

This new middle class is no longer constrained by the patronage systems of the village, but it also does not enjoy the cozy relationship that links the old middle class with the elite.