The central bank is the lender of last resort.

ABC also maintains a bank account with Lender A and has granted Lender A a security right in the bank account as additional security for the repayment of the loan.

The first run on a bank occurred against the British mortgage lender Northern Rock.

Additionally, the central bank acts as lender of last resort to commercial banks considered too big to fail.

Only the retail subsidiaries would be permitted to rely on the central bank for lender of last resort support.

Specifically, the central bank must be ready to act as a lender of last resort when investor panic threatens financial markets.

The Federal Reserve Board is no longer the lender of last resort, but the lender of first resort.

To make the European Central Bank a lender of last resort for all of the euro zone countries, for example, would give distressed European governments some added breathing space.

The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank can serve as lender of last resort to emerging markets at risk of losing market access, conditional on appropriate policy reforms.

The eurozone will never be a normal, well functioning monetary union until it has a normal, well functioning central bank prepared to act as a lender of last resort.

For the SDR to become a true international currency, in other words, the IMF would have to become more like a global central bank and international lender of last resort.

So, not only is bank recapitalization essential for financial stability, but so is a reformed euro, built on fiscal and monetary coordination and an enhanced role for the European Central Bank in supporting individual governments (not individual banks) as lender of last resort.

Even the euro area, which is far more cohesive than the world as a whole, has not quite figured out how to use its central bank as lender of last resort.

This is the doctrine of lender of last resort.

Without fundamental changes in its economic growth pattern, it is difficult to imagine how China can become an immature creditor lender and a mature creditor lender.

As long as the borrower has not misled the lender at the time of taking the loan, the lender bears at least some responsibility for the transaction.

In this type of financing, it is also common for the lender to obtain a security right in the bank account into which customer payments (i.e. the proceeds of inventory and receivables) are deposited.

But, in both cases, the lender was distant and anonymous.

Neither a borrower nor a lender be, Polonius admonished in Hamlet.

Provision of liquidity by an international lender of last resort the European Central Bank, the International Monetary Fund, or even a new European Monetary Fund could prevent an illiquidity problem from turning into an insolvency problem.

A prudent lender should have considered these facts before making the loans.

The rich rule over the poor. The borrower is servant to the lender.

But it does not have automatic access to a European lender of last resort.

The borrower knows the risk is high, but tells the lender it is low.

The lender who can t judge the risk goes for investments that promise higher yields.

In particular, they did not see the Fed as a lender of last resort.

The rich ruleth over the poor, and the borrower is servant to the lender.

Its members proposed that universal banks be obliged to set up ring fenced retail banking subsidiaries with a much higher share of equity capital. Only the retail subsidiaries would be permitted to rely on the central bank for lender of last resort support.

The first party is the creditor, which is the lender of property, service or money.

Lender B agrees to provide a revolving loan facility to ABC to finance this process.

As an immature creditor lender, the trade balance and current account are in surplus as well as a mature creditor lender, the trade balance returns to deficit finally, as a creditor borrower, the country s current account swings into deficit.

A certain lender had two debtors. The one owed five hundred denarii, and the other fifty.

So what changed in the last year? First, Europe now has a true lender of last resort.

The current financial crisis raises yet another problem the lack of a clear lender of last resort.

But, unlike banks, they do not have the safety net implied by central banks role as lender of last resort.

It was not just Europe that benefited from China s willingness to take on the mantle of lender of last resort.

But if the ECB takes over entirely the role of lender of last resort, it will ultimately become insolvent itself.

Governments brought commercial banks under prudential regulation in exchange for public provision of deposit insurance and lender of last resort functions.

If you want to keep borrowing money, you need to convince your lender that you can repay. That much is clear.

If the banks are merely illiquid, the Federal Reserve in Washington is ready to act as a lender of last resort.

Since 2003, over 16 new banks have opened in the country, including Afghanistan International Bank, Kabul Bank, Azizi Bank, Pashtany Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, and First Micro Finance Bank.

Without its own currency, the IMF is poorly positioned to intervene with the overwhelming force needed for lender of last resort operations.

Our current situation requires not a lender of last resort, but a spender of last resort, and that can only be governments.

But it will not be big enough to dispel convertibility risk and hence demonstrate the ECB s credibility as a lender of last resort.

Banks could take on overly risky projects without scaring off investors because the government would step in as the lender of last resort.