Protection measures aimed at prevention of groundwater pollution and overuse should be the basic tools for groundwater management.

(xii) Charter on Groundwater Management, 1989, adopted by the Economic Commission for Europe at its forty fourth session, Groundwater strategies

(viii) Section IV of the Charter on Groundwater Management, 1989, adopted by the Economic Commission for Europe at its forty fourth session, Groundwater allocation

ESCWA also focused on the sustainable management of shared groundwater resources, especially in the many countries where groundwater is the main source of water.

The sustainable development and management of groundwater resources is a critical element of water resource management in many countries.

Effective management links land and water uses across the whole of a catchment area or groundwater aquifer.

Emphasis has been placed on integrating specific policies for groundwater management into policies at the basin level.

For each declared Transboundary Groundwater Conservation Area, the Commission shall prepare a Comprehensive Management Plan for the rational development, use, protection and control of the waters in the Transboundary Groundwater Conservation Area.

Specific support will focus on community management of local water resources, including rainwater harvesting (for use by households and schools, and groundwater recharge), micro watershed management and operational research.

(b) Develop water management plans in transboundary, national and or local contexts, preferably on the basis of catchment areas or groundwater aquifers.

(vi) Section VI of the Charter on Groundwater Management, 1989, adopted by the Economic Commission for Europe at its forty fourth session, Competence

The contributions of ECE to the Decade include research and capacity building support in such technical areas as flood management, protection of water related ecosystems, groundwater management and monitoring and assessment of transboundary waters.

As groundwater should be recognized as a natural resource with economic and ecological value, groundwater strategies should aim at the sustainable use of groundwater and preservation of its quality.

In Tunisia, ACSAD is working to improve technical expertise and build capacity as concerns the management, protection and sustainability of groundwater and soil in Arab countries.

The territorial competence of such authorities with respect to groundwater management should not necessarily be limited to either administrative boundaries or catchment areas but should allow for encompassing, as appropriate, management of aquifers in their entirety.

Monitoring groundwater levels, pressures, and quality

The IAEA, we believe, can play a significant role in that regard by promoting the use of isotope technology for the protection and management of surface water and groundwater.

In allocating groundwater resources, account should be taken of the amount of groundwater in reserve and of the rate of its replenishment.

Salinization and depletion of groundwater resources Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 1,465,565,462 for the salinization and depletion of its groundwater resources.

Many Parties reported on options to increase domestic water supply these included prospecting for, and extraction of, deep groundwater, increasing storage capacity by building reservoirs and dams, and improving watershed management.

IAH will devote significant resources to Africa during the period 2005 2015, recognizing that technically sound groundwater management will be critical in the types of basins and aquifers that exist in Africa.

More emphasis should be given to the nature conservation value provided by groundwater resources, in particular where nature protection areas are vulnerable to changes in groundwater conditions.

Groundwater abstraction activities or artificial groundwater recharge schemes where the annual volume of water to be abstracted or recharged amounts to 10 million cubic metres or more.

The Government's water sources are groundwater and surface water (Ugum River).

Groundwater protection planning should be incorporated into general environmental protection planning.

There are no groundwater areas at the border between Finland and Sweden.

The Contracting Parties shall strive at achieving the goals of a sustainable and equitable water management, including the conservation, improvement and the rational use of surface waters and groundwater in the catchment area as far as possible.

States, in accordance with the precautionary approach, shall take early action and develop long term plans to ensure the sustainable use of groundwater and of the aquifers in which the groundwater is contained.

Most Parties highlighted the extraction of groundwater as the most cost effective measure.

Aquifer means a subsurface layer or layers of rock or other geological strata of sufficient porosity and permeability to allow either a significant flow of groundwater or the abstraction of significant quantities of groundwater.

This resulted in the salinization and degradation of Jordan's main groundwater basins, in particular the aquifers of Amman Zarqa, Azraq and Northern Mujib, as well as depletion of groundwater resources in the main basins.

Water authorities or coordinating bodies should have the competence to integrate all aspects of water management and should be rendered competent to arbitrate among the various competing demands, and diverging interests regarding groundwater abstraction and use, both short and long term.

A portion of the water that enters the groundwater system beneath the drainage basin may flow towards the outlet of another drainage basin because groundwater flow directions do not always match those of their overlying drainage network.

The evidence further shows that the pumping was from different wells where contamination had not affected the groundwater and there is no evidence that the use of different wells to pump the groundwater resulted in increased costs.

Even worse, farmers are now relying on groundwater that is being depleted by over pumping.

Groundwater pollution is interrelated with the pollution of other environmental media (surface water, soils, atmosphere).

States shall specially protect sites where groundwater is withdrawn from or recharged to an aquifer.

c. Assessing the impacts on groundwater and aquifers of industrial, agricultural, and other activities and

Jordan used computer models to estimate salinization and depletion of groundwater resources between 1990 and 2015.

Third claim unit Groundwater resources Kuwait seeks compensation in the amount of USD 159,883,100 for the loss of use of groundwater resources during the period when these resources could not be used because of contamination resulting from Iraq's invasion and occupation.

a. prescribe measures to prevent, eliminate or mitigate degradation of transboundary groundwater quality, and for that purpose may

First claim unit Groundwater resources Jordan seeks compensation in the amount of USD 1,771,413,994 for this claim unit.

Yemen, for its part, has no perennial surface water its citizens depend entirely on rainfall, groundwater, and flash flooding.

Finland reported that there are only a few transboundary groundwater areas (approximately 15) extending over the Finnish Russian border.

There are also some groundwater areas (approximately 20) mapped in the vicinity of the border between Finland and Norway.