Several are single commodity exporters and rely heavily on export earnings.

In export earnings, direct as well as indirect, the share of agriculture is very high.

Because of the rich countries' practice of subsidizing their export crops, many poor countries, including his own, had suffered enormous losses in export earnings.

Higher import costs and lower export earnings combined to reduce the competitiveness of landlocked developing countries.

Since the crisis began, export earnings of the world s poorest countries are down 26.8 billion, or 44 .

In most cases, fiscal deficits and lower export earnings were responsible for a deterioration of debt ratios.

Since 2003, crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.

The new non concessional debt more than offset the debt relief received, although export earnings have increased since 2001.

Those commodities account for over two thirds of the country s export earnings, and are the primary source of state revenue.

In a number of small countries in Africa, agriculture plays an even greater role, representing 80 or more of export earnings.

High oil prices have created huge export revenues for Middle Eastern governments, which still want to park their earnings in American assets.

More than 90 of Venezuela s export earnings come from the oil and gas sectors, which provide about half of the government s income.

The amount was reduced to 65 , and then 50 , in 2005, but France still deducts its share directly from these countries export earnings.

The economy of Suriname is dominated by the bauxite industry, which accounts for more than 15 of GDP and 70 of export earnings.

While much of that investment will flow to the US, the surplus countries want to diversify their investment of these new net export earnings.

In 2001, for example, 27 per cent of the country's earnings were from export of its main agricultural products such as copra, coconut oil, beef, kava, timber and cocoa 73 per cent was from earnings from the export of services from tourism and the Finance Centre of which 61 per cent was from tourism alone (NSO, 2002a).

These regions, including Sub Saharan Africa and Central Asia, are suffering harshly from the global crisis, owing to falling export earnings, remittances, and capital inflows.

Ninth, establish economic reconstruction zones to jump start sustainable economic activity, create jobs and export earnings, improve aid effectiveness and accountability, and avoid aid dependency.

And, while agricultural trade liberalization may enhance export earnings for some poor countries, the main beneficiaries will be the more well to do agricultural exporters.

It requires sizeable and critical amounts of external financing, such as grant assistance, loans, export earnings and foreign direct investment or other capital market flows.

This has resulted in significant loss of export earnings for landlocked developing countries, which are dependent on exports of a very limited number of goods.

(e) Timely and effective financial cooperation to facilitate the management by commodity dependent countries of excessive fluctuations in commodity export earnings should be maintained and further pursued

Over the last two decades, developing countries have stabilized their export earnings by increasing the share of manufacturing exports in their total exports to about 70 per cent.

To that end and despite the fact that the export of tuna constitutes about 94 per cent of all export earnings of fish, Fiji has reduced the number of tuna fishing licenses issued annually from 103 in 2002 to 72 in 2005.

Family earnings

The flow of net export earnings from the oil producers and others into euros will push up the value of the euro and enable the transfer of funds to occur.

For example, US multinational corporations sometimes over invoice import bills or under report export earnings to reduce their tax obligations. Again, this would work to overstate the recorded current account deficit.

In general, natural resources like oil, gas, diamonds, and other precious minerals breed corruption, because governments can live off of their export earnings without having to compromise with their own societies.

Oil export earnings allowed Russia to increase its foreign reserves from 12 billion in 1999 to 597.3 billion on 1 August 2008, the third largest foreign exchange reserves in the world.

Promoting increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producer member countries, with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings

(i) Promoting increased and further processing of tropical timber from sustainable sources in producer member countries, with a view to promoting their industrialization and thereby increasing their employment opportunities and export earnings

The International Monetary Fund and central banks should increase liquidity in a coordinated fashion in the form of short term credit to emerging market economies suffering from cuts in capital inflows and export earnings.

There have been reductions in the ratios of debt to gross national income and debt service to export earnings since 2000, due to strenuous efforts at repayment by developing countries and some debt relief.

They were without seaports, geographically remote and isolated from world markets, had poor infrastructure, maintenance problems and inadequate institutional environments, and were solely dependent on a very limited number of commodities for their export earnings.

At present, expenditures by landlocked developing countries on transport and insurance services as a share of total export earnings are, on average, double that of developing countries overall, and triple that of the developed economies.

2. Stresses the importance of domestic industrial transformation in developing countries as a way of increasing the value added of their export earnings, so that they may benefit fully from the process of globalization and trade liberalization

Countries whose terms of trade improve also tend to grow faster and undergo real exchange rate appreciation as domestic spending of their increased export earnings expands the economy and makes dollars relatively more abundant (and thus cheaper).

Rapacious recruiters fleece them of their earnings.

High salaries drove growth but reduced earnings.

On the positive side, we increased our export earnings by over 100 per cent, we increased our remittances by over 500 per cent and we increased foreign direct investment by over 400 per cent over the past five years.

Official earnings average 1.5 to 2 per day.

Exemption from import and export duties and taxes in respect of particular belongings right to transfer earnings and savings from the State of employment to the State of origin or any other State imposition of taxes and avoidance of double taxation principle.

Only earnings taken out in time can be secured.

A successful export strategy hinges not on how much countries export, but on what they export and how their export sectors are integrated with other domestic economic activities.

Therefore their earnings did not in the least benefit them .