The EU budget should facilitate such transfers in the eurozone, using structural funds.

Channeling EU structural funds towards innovation is essential, given that spending on research and development is alarmingly low compared to our global partners.

(d) Structural elements (e.g., trustee, funds flow, timing)

The European Commission s recent decision to grant member states some flexibility for productive public investment linked to EU structural funds is a welcome step in this direction.

The EU is not deprived of instruments the so called structural funds that finance investment in poorer regions but it does not have a strategy to use them.

Recent accession to the EU gives further impetus and direction to structural reform.

Thus far, the EU and the Greek government have failed to address Greece s structural problems.

Indeed, although European governments have agreed to encourage faster absorption of EU funds in crisis countries, they have refused to pay into the EU budget to enable the funds disbursement.

It will include items such as the common agricultural policy, regional structural funds, and research and innovation.

Following a request by a member state, the Commission would be entitled to borrow on capital markets under the implicit EU budget guarantee, with the maximum amount determined by the size of the country s unused (pre allocated) Structural and Cohesion Funds.

In 2009, the EU endorsed the principle of explicit but not exclusive targeting for Roma, and the European Commission allowed structural funds to be used to cover housing interventions in favour of marginalized communities, with a particular focus on Roma.

The EU Council Regulation (EC) No 1260 1999 OJ L 161, 26 06 1999 laying down general provision on the Structural Funds also includes norms about the creation of equal opportunities for men and women in preparing and implementing projects.

The European Union would also use European structural funds to promote the participation of women, including migrants and ethnic minority women.

The four proposals that Hollande has put forward are so consensual that it would be difficult for Germany to oppose them use of non disbursed resources from the EU Structural Funds, recapitalization of the European Investment Bank, creation of project bonds, and taxation of financial transactions.

Countries receiving assistance should be given the option of applying for an anticipated disbursement of EU funds.

Over the last decade, Greece could absorb only a fifth of the EU modernization funds available to it.

Moreover, the European Investment Bank s lending capacity could be increased substantially, and European Union structural funds mobilized, to finance investment projects in the peripheral economies.

Unless a mechanism is introduced that facilitates the rapid disbursement of EU funds, thus insulating the budget from destructive politicization, these funds cannot be used to stimulate growth in times of crisis.

So a eurozone that needs fiscal austerity, structural reforms, and appropriate macroeconomic and financial policies is weakened politically at both the EU and national levels.

Turkey s bureaucrats, politicians, and citizens united to fulfill the Copenhagen criteria for EU membership and tolerated the pain of the IMF directed structural adjustment programs.

Intensified restructuring among large enterprises, improvements in the financial sector, and effective use of available EU funds should strengthen output growth.

Substantial funds were pledged at the international donors' conference on Haiti last summer, where the EU emerged as the largest donor.

The European Commission has played a very helpful role through its structural funds, which cover up to 80 of the additional costs involved in integrating the Roma.

It would certainly help if the EU promised substantial development funds, including for resolution of property issues, once an agreement is in place.

EU member states need to rebuild their trust in one another. And European countries facing the need for wrenching structural reforms need to restore social trust at home.

On a positive note, the Decade of Roma Inclusion, established in 2005, is receiving strong support from the structural funds administered by the European Commission and is making some inroads.

Most importantly, the rules guiding how structural funds are spent should be changed to allow their use for health and education from early childhood, rather than only for job training.

The yen s appreciation reflects markets assessment that Japan s economic position is stronger than that of the US and the EU, which are burdened with serious structural problems of their own.

Countries that repeatedly ignore recommendations for reducing excessive deficits, and those that manipulate official statistics, should have their EU funds frozen and their voting rights suspended.

This is another form of solidarity, which also exists in the EU, where regional development funds are allocated to poorer regions to foster catch up growth.

The commission s order to unbundle energy companies into transport and distribution units is hardly likely to encourage foreign energy companies working in the EU to seek structural reforms in the Russian economy.

The capital would be repaid in annual installments as the funds become available through the EU budget, while the national co financing rate would apply to interest payments.

Africa s Structural Transformation Challenge

Structural and jurisdictional issues

Structural foundations remained intact.

Shareholders organized themselves into pension funds, investment funds, and hedge funds.

The UN simply cannot solve Kosovo s structural problems, namely the need to develop a viable economy and to begin engagement with the EU the most powerful motor for reform and economic development in the region.

The Mirage of Structural Reform

Any structural adjustment is painful.

The West s failures in Iraq and Afghanistan, followed by the global economic crisis (which exposed severe structural weaknesses in the US and the EU that their democratic governments have been unable to resolve), accelerated this process.

One purpose of education reform was to improve the status of women and ensure equal opportunity for all to that end, a National Operative Programme School for Development had been established, co financed using European structural funds.

Operating Funds UNDP and UNDP Trust Funds

Structural change is, by definition, innovative.

The entire project is based on the fact that the funds for these purposes can be provided by the credits for EU projects, in which case the State would be a guarantee.

But this idea threatens current beneficiaries of EU redistributive policies, namely Spain (which now gets over a third of Union cohesion funds) and Greece (which gets about a fifth), as well as Ireland.