Moreover, the European welfare state will cushion the impact of the economic crash, at least for some time.

Emerging market policymakers believe that they lack recourse to safety nets that would cushion the impact of volatile flows.

In a few weeks, we will put in place a social safety net that will cushion the impact of high oil prices on the poor.

Reaching the wrong agreement to defuse the austerity bomb, or cushion the economy from its impact, would merely recreate America s long run structural budget deficit a very bad outcome.

Oil and gas export revenues were being paid into a national fund, to assure sustainable social and economic development and cushion the country against the impact of unfavourable external factors.

However, even for financial systems, there is disagreement about other attributes, such as the ability to provide a financial cushion with which to soften the impact of unexpected economic downturns or turbulence.

For fiscal policy, the crisis showed the value of maintaining low public debt and deficits during good times countries with healthier public finances have more space to cushion the economic impact of crises.

It seeks to examine a set of policy measures aiming to cushion the impact of economic and social downturns and overcome prevailing conditions. Existing inequities suggest there is a need for redistributive policies.

First, he is negotiating side deals with holdout senators to cushion the economic impact on coal states and to increase US investments in the research and development, and eventually adoption, of clean coal technologies.

The IMF has already moved quickly to help many of our member countries in this time of crisis, including by protecting social spending in order to cushion the impact of the crisis on the most vulnerable.

Greater reliance on equity would give banks a much larger cushion to absorb losses.

Fortunately, China s relatively strong fiscal and foreign exchange positions can cushion the economy against short term shocks.

At the time the French government favoured new technology, exploring the production of hovercraft and the Aérotrain air cushion vehicle.

The quality of cut can be inferior if the grass is pushed away from the blade by the cushion of air.

But many investors see a substantial chance of 2008 and 2009 redux, whether triggered by a full fledged euro crisis or by some black swan that we do not yet see, and fear that, unlike in 2008 and 2009, governments would lack the power and will to cushion the economic impact.

Regulators then shifted to edicts requiring banks to maintain a specified capital cushion, thick enough to cover potential losses.

However, to the extent that public investment grows, aggregate demand increases correspondingly, generating some growth and creating a cushion against recession.

We therefore call for fairer rules to govern international business and trade, in particular measures to cushion the impacts of adverse changes.

It funded the investment imperatives of economic development and boosted the cushion of foreign exchange reserves that has shielded China from external shocks.

In particular, if the firm s equity capital erodes, the government should not provide funds (directly or indirectly) to increase the cushion available to bondholders.

Its core was the belief that the state could provide both stable economic growth and social welfare to cushion the negative side effects of free markets.

This breakdown suggests that the 8 trillion cushion would be sufficient to offset potential losses arising from higher risk credit in China s commercial banking sector.

Such an arrangement would provide a cushion to protect investors from potential or unanticipated declines in the expected flow of revenue available for debt servicing.

He himself was in the stern, asleep on the cushion, and they woke him up, and told him, Teacher, don't you care that we are dying?

But instead of trying to find a way to cushion the possible impact of such a shock, the ECB is rejecting out of hand any sort of restructuring. Indeed, it is raising the specter of a chain reaction by invoking the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, and threatening to punish any restructuring by cutting banks access to liquidity.

They do not have the luxury of cobbling together fiscal stimulus packages or rescuing ailing industries in order to cushion the shock brought about by the economic crisis.

Too many Americans built no cushion into their budgets, and mortgage companies, focusing on the fees generated by new mortgages, did not encourage them to do so.

In recognition of these concerns, negotiating partners needed to seek to extend adequate transitory adjustment support measures to cushion developing countries from anticipated trade shocks.

The impact

In addition, such insulation discourages the raising of additional capital, inducing executives to run banks with a capital level that provides an inadequate cushion for bondholders and depositors.

Indeed, if official funding were junior, it would be providing a larger cushion to private creditors and thus bailing them out to an even greater extent.

Announcing the abolition of the hukou system might be easy, but it would mean little without institutions that can cushion the risks faced by rural migrant workers in China s cities.

Impact

At the end of 2012, China s commercial banks held 6.4 trillion in core capital and 1.5 trillion in non performing loan provisions, for a risk cushion of roughly 8 trillion.

Since private debts have a way of turning into public liabilities, a low government debt burden might not, in fact, provide these countries with the cushion that they think they have.

Impact All four telescopes have had a substantial impact on astronomy.

58. Also requests the Secretary General to ensure that posts are not deliberately left vacant to provide a cushion for absorbing the costs of special missions and other activities authorized within available resources

In addition to providing a cushion for planning contingencies, the liquidity provision covers the cash flow imbalance that often occurs in the first quarter of the year, when disbursements can exceed receipts for regular resources.

But governments should play it safe by starting to take more steps now to cushion, soften, and shorten the period of high unemployment and slow or negative growth that now looks very likely.

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