Such surges are, by definition, abrupt and thus highly disruptive.

The United States has also signaled a fundamental, abrupt shift in its global climate policy.

Mechanisms to prevent abrupt changes in the scale should also be integrated into the methodology.

That case is strongest if the spending reductions are large and abrupt in a weak economy.

These assumptions took a hard hit in the crisis, causing an abrupt shift to far more intrusive regulation.

Is Juan obsequiously polite to Alice, but abrupt to Marvin? Does he respond promptly to Teresa, but ignore Anatoly?

Emerging countries are inundated with capital inflows one day, and faced with abrupt and equally destabilizing outflows the next.

The Chairperson said that Mr. Amor's paper might be abrupt and ambiguous, but the substance reflected the discussions so far.

Given this, America s pivot should be viewed more as a consolidation of established policies than as an abrupt, short term change.

History suggests that interest rates will not remain at record low levels indefinitely, and that when change comes, it might be abrupt.

The long history of climate change shows the risks of dramatic and abrupt changes over the course of but a few decades

History suggests that interest rates will not remain at record low levels indefinitely, and that when change comes, it might be abrupt.

This medication may cause withdrawal symptoms upon abrupt withdrawal or rapid tapering, which in some cases have been known to cause seizures.

Isabella's happy life in Portugal came to an abrupt end in July 1491, however, when Afonso was killed in a riding accident.

Japan s policy change was big and abrupt, and several of the countries on the receiving end have been focused on complex domestic challenges.

Another crack appeared with the 1983 Hezbollah attack on the US Marine barracks in Beirut, which triggered an abrupt US withdrawal from Lebanon.

Financial flows are excessively volatile. Emerging countries are inundated with capital inflows one day, and faced with abrupt and equally destabilizing outflows the next.

The goal should be to make self insurance unnecessary by guaranteeing access to international credit lines in case of abrupt outflows of private capital.

The positive aspects include respect for diversity and an emphasis on consensus building over conflict, practical solutions over lofty principles, and gradualism over abrupt change.

The crash was a serious event that brought an abrupt end to what is considered the second generation of console video gaming in North America.

) The rapid decrease of concentration of atomic oxygen below about 100 km is responsible for the abrupt looking end of the lower edges of the curtains.

When capital flight forced François Mitterrand to abort his program in 1983, France s Socialists performed an abrupt volte face and embraced financial liberalization on a global scale.

climate change may not be gradual. The long history of climate change shows the risks of dramatic and abrupt changes over the course of but a few decades

Previous legislation, if not reversed, will lead to large abrupt tax hikes and spending cuts, which the Congressional Budget Office forecasts would likely cause a recession in 2013.

The abrupt resignation of Thailand s Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra is but another sign of a disturbing paradox the more vigorous Asian democracy becomes, the more dysfunctional it is.

Development is no miracle solution to violence, and may create its own set of grievances particularly when done without regard to the abrupt changes it brings to societies.

What s more, Mousavi and Karroubi, perhaps chastened in part by the unfulfilled promises and excesses of the Islamic Revolution are seemingly in no hurry to see abrupt change.

Finally, it is critical to ensure a stable global macroeconomic environment, including, in particular, the avoidance of large and abrupt changes in international interest rates and exchange rates.

To avoid the shortfall in aggregate demand that might arise from an abrupt surge in saving, these measures should be phased in over a period of 3 5 years.

China s abrupt decision to raise the value of the renminbi (yuan) by 2.1 and to end its peg to the dollar comes after months of pressure from the US.

With little sign of improved economic fundamentals, rapid currency appreciation is a potentially dangerous development for China in part owing to the risk of an abrupt and painful reversal.

The Party s abrupt vilification of Bo after lauding him for his leadership in Chongqing has fueled public cynicism over his orchestrated downfall and laid bare the leadership s thin ideological core.

But no one anticipated China s abrupt shift away from a closed, centrally planned economy to a more open, market oriented one with expanded economic freedom for individuals and enterprises alike.

Fiscal consolidation and the abrupt closure and restructuring of inefficient banks and state enterprises would, after all, constitute a powerful brake on short term growth, threatening social peace and political stability.

Rather, Japan has initiated a series of abrupt policy changes, while the US, only dimly aware of the significance of its relative decline, assumes that Japan s decades long docility will continue.

7. Urges all development partners to support the implementation of the transition strategy and to avoid any abrupt reductions in either official development assistance or technical assistance provided to the graduated country

The process of escaping the old age trap, and allowing younger generations to assume their key role in the economy, can be either gradual and relatively smooth, or abrupt and relatively traumatic.

Increase

None of this is to say that the international financial realities a country faces are necessarily always reasonable. Sometimes global financial markets eagerness to lend results in unreasonable booms, followed by abrupt reversals.

Sadly, abrupt changes of prime minister are practically an annual event in Japan nowadays, as Hatoyama s resignation marks the fourth sudden transfer of power to a new leader in the past four years.

The abrupt closure of media companies is seen by several groups as a form of political harassment by a ruling party which lost a significant number of seats in the 2013 general election.

This increase reflects the large increase in funding for HIV AIDS.

But the Iranian revolution holds another lesson for Pakistani liberals obsessed with evicting the Shah, Iran s intelligentsia was delusional about their own society and their potential to emerge victorious via an abrupt political upheaval.

The increase is also directly associated with the increase in posts proposed.

To explain this abrupt and radical change requires examining more closely the relationship between the monetary base and inflation, and understanding the changing role of the reserves that commercial banks hold at the Federal Reserve.