To see why, consider the tax rate necessary to pay for social benefits, which equals the replacement rate (the average level of benefits relative to taxpayer incomes) multiplied by the dependency ratio (the share of the population receiving the benefits). The higher the replacement rate and or dependency ratio, the higher the tax rate needed to pay for the benefits.

The total fertility rate (TFR) in 2013 was estimated at 1.42 children born per woman, which is lower than the replacement rate of 2.1.

Substitution Example

Since 2000, Spain has experienced high population growth as a result of immigration flows, despite a birth rate that is only half the replacement level.

The net saving rate fell to near zero.

Net secondary enrollment rate was at 63 in 2005.

These are the displacement maps here.

First, with its birth rate well below replacement level, Japan s population is aging and shrinking.

The nation s net household saving rate is the difference between the saving of the savers and the dissaving of the dissavers.

That would leave a net national saving rate of just 2.5 of GDP.

Power is the metered net electrical transfer rate at any given moment and is measured in megawatts (MW).

Consequently, it had already achieved the Goal for primary education, with a net enrolment of 98.3 per cent.

During the 2003 2004 school year, the net primary enrolment rate was 94.4 per cent, while the completion rate rose to 99.82 per cent.

The replacement will take effect on 15 August 2005.

An important implication of the decline in the fertility rate to replacement level or below is the pressure on the family to care for the elderly.

The birthrate has increased somewhat beginning since 2000, and now stands near 1.5 million a year, but this is 700,000 800,000 below the replacement rate.

In 1994 the net enrolment rate for boys was 75 per cent, compared with 67.1 per cent for girls.

In 1996, the gross primary enrollment rate was 104 percent, and in 1995, the net primary enrollment rate was 86.9 percent.

Clear

(net)

Net capital inflow

Net revenue (1 200.2) (960.7) 239.5

Net total 47 818.0

Gross Net

That is still far below the replacement rate of 2.1, but higher fertility, together with successful measures to reduce male mortality, has slowed the pace of population shrinkage.

payments a profits and interest c account d of capital e Global balance f

Since the saving of younger savers is now high and the dissaving of the older dissavers is low, the net saving rate is high.

In 1994, the net national enrolment rate in the basic cycle was 20.59 per cent (21.44 per cent for boys and 19.73 per cent for girls).

a Net budget.

2. Net expenditure

Total net expenditure 60 764 824 87 957 782 148 722 606

Total cost (net) 14 683 000

Net amount assessed 39 801.1

Net transfers and adjustments 17 292.4

Net expenditure 74 235 300 85 576 662 159 811 962

Net operating costs

Net amount assessed 1 370.0 139.9 1 509.9

Net amount assessed 884 268

Net amount assessed 2 507 002 171

Net other changes 1 704.5 23.2

Net amount assessed 2 414.4

Net surplus balance 70.9

Net amount assessed 495 240 923

To implement Board apos s recommendation to extend to General Service staff, as from 1 July 1995, the longer term modifications introduced effective 1 April 1992 with respect to Professional and higher category staff.

Seemed clearheaded.