The majority of such firms are financed by local capital.

Without this capital there is impossible the economical and social growth and building capitalism and democracy.

This has come at the expense of sectors that are more dependent on equity financing.

By 2012, human capital s contribution to China s GDP growth fell almost to zero, with fixed capital accumulation accounting for roughly 60 of total growth.

Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

As a result, its economic model spawned a labor saving, capital intensive growth dynamic.

Rapid output growth without equally rapid capital stock or employment growth must have reflected rapid productivity growth.

Lacking well developed capital markets as an alternative source of credit, bank funding channels are especially vital in Asia.

Remittances improve countries' ability to finance development objectives, the foremost of which are poverty reduction and improvement of human capital.

Venture capitalists want to fund the next Facebook, while philanthropists want to use Facebook to support good causes.

Initial capital

American officials countered that the financial inflows reflected Europe s underdeveloped capital markets.

As above, firm value is enhanced when, and if, the return on capital exceeds the cost of capital.

There has been a continued increase in the costly build up of precautionary reserves as a form of self insurance against volatility in international capital flows.

The case of my own firm, Christofferson, Robb Company (CRC), illustrates how private capital markets can finance renewable energy when the subsidy is right.

The Art of Capital Flight

Damming Capital

The Capital Flow Conundrum

Capital flows and remittances

E. Financial capital and resilience

The portion of capital inflows that is not re exported represents net capital inflows.

Private capital flows have come to play the dominant role in development finance, eclipsing both official bilateral and multilateral flows.

The Siren Song of Capital Controls

Investment and private flows

(o) Working Capital Fund

Brazil has been aggressive in terms of capital restrictions, twice increasing its tax on financial inflows.

There is thus also a need to foster day to day growth of the informal sector through entrepreneurship development, infrastructure development and provision of capital.

That would mean that the US would continue to need substantial inflows of foreign capital to fund business investment and housing construction.

But most have suffered from the opposite syndrome excessive reliance on capital inflows, which, by spurring domestic credit and consumption, generate temporary growth.

So China is stuck in a currency creating cycle GDP growth encourages investment, which boosts demand for capital.

व श व क प ज क र ख फ र ट यर क ओर

Jacqueline Novogratz on patient capitalism

The reason lies in capital movements.

Finally, there is the path of public capital.

Surviving the Great Capital Flood

Raising capital is expensive.

The Temptation of China s Capital Account

List of tables

Before World War II, venture capital investments (originally known as development capital ) were primarily the domain of wealthy individuals and families.

This is why equity capital held by financial institutions typically is more than twice as expensive as debt capital and why these institutions try to minimize its use.

The outcome of these discussions will shape policies and investment aimed at spurring GDP growth, strengthening human capital, and promoting more inclusive prosperity.

Italy s new leaders must address this situation by decoupling labor s contribution to productivity growth from that of capital and total factor productivity.

Moreover, Li has called upon the banking sector to reinvigorate idle capital and allocate incremental capital more effectively.

Europe s Chimerical Capital Markets Union

Bank Regulation s Capital Mistake