Seventeenth Meeting of the Parties to

Financial reports and budgets for the trust funds for the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Financial reports and budgets of the trust funds of the Vienna Convention

(vi) Annex II to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985, Information exchange

(a) National laws, administrative measures and legal research relevant to the protection of the ozone layer

(c) Methods and terms of licensing and availability of patents relevant to the protection of the ozone layer.

It is anticipated that near complete recovery of the Antarctic ozone layer will occur by approximately 2050.

All of these ozone depleting substances contain either chlorine or bromine (substances containing only fluorine do not harm the ozone layer).

(b) International agreements, including bilateral agreements relevant to the protection of the ozone layer

The ozone layer, which absorbs ultraviolet energy from the Sun, is located primarily in the stratosphere, at altitudes of 15 to 35 km.

Holes in the ozone layer exposed Australians to cancer causing radiation.

Recognizing the need to further reduce methyl bromide emissions in an effort to protect the ozone layer,

Those Parties who celebrated Ozone Day this year are to be commended and all Parties are urged to consider celebrating Ozone Day as a way of promoting awareness both of the ozone regime and of the continuing need for vigilance in our efforts to protect the ozone layer.

Concerns that destruction of the ozone layer could result in significant harm to human health and the environment led governments in 1985 to adopt a framework agreement, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, to begin addressing the problem.

Global changes, in particular climate change and the depletion of the ozone layer, remain major threats to the integrity of the Antarctic environment.

Future ozone concentrations are mainly driven by the changes in stratospheric halogen loading, with ozone recovery occurring after the peak of halogen loading.

(v) Article 4 of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985, Cooperation in the legal, scientific and technical fields

Ultraviolet light Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the sun.

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer of the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer provides the framework for Parties to phase out the production and consumption of ozone depleting substances (ODS) according to a strict time table.

The ozone layer plays an important role in depleting the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches the surface.

Yemen is also a party to environmental conventions on Biodiversity, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, and Ozone Layer Protection.

But this is only part of the story that we celebrate on the International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer (September 16).

In the 1970s, emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in industrial applications were linked to destruction of the ozone layer.

Review of the recommendations adopted at the fifth meeting of the Ozone Research Managers, and the resulting decisions of the sixth meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, in particular decision VI 3.

Models suggest that the minimum ozone concentration in the stratosphere above Antarctica will occur prior to 2010 and that recovery to 1980 levels may be expected in the middle of the twenty first century.

The actions taken to preserve the stratospheric ozone layer provide an example of remarkable success of scientific and political cooperation in addressing a major environmental threat.

There's lots of mystery in the details, and there's some bad side effects, like it partially destroys the ozone layer and I'll get to that in a minute.

This led to Upper Atmosphere Research Program and later the Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites in the 1990s to monitor ozone depletion.

Special report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel on safeguarding the ozone layer and the global climate system.

If all of the ozone were removed from the atmosphere, the amount of UVB radiation would equal the amount of UVA radiation on the ground.

Twenty years ago, governments adopted the Montreal Protocol, a treaty to protect the Earth s ozone layer from emissions of destructive chemicals.

LAYER,LAYER,...

But volcanic eruptions teach us that, while a cloud in the stratosphere would indeed cool the planet and stop ice from melting and the sea from rising, it would also destroy ozone and produce regional droughts.

In the U.S., chlorofluorocarbons continued to be used in other applications, such as refrigeration and industrial cleaning, until after the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1985.

Of greatest concern are three closely intertwined issues the occurrence of health damaging air pollution the build up of heat trapping greenhouse gases and the depletion of the Earth's protective stratospheric ozone layer.

While none of the potential measures related to climate and ozone layer protection identified in the special report are currently required or rewarded by the Montreal Protocol, a number are currently being implemented by some Parties.

Accordingly, the GEF ozone depletion focal area involves support to the economies in transition in Eastern Europe and Central Asia for mitigating ozone layer depletion (for countries not covered under the Montreal Protocol's financial mechanism). GEF OPS2, at 5.

Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light striking oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2), splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen).

The Open ended Working Group may wish to discuss the special report as it relates to efforts to protect the ozone layer and forward recommendations, as appropriate, to the Seventeenth Meeting of the Parties.

The ozone layer in the stratospheric layer of the atmosphere protects life on earth from the harmful effects of certain wavelengths of the sun's ultra violet light.

This solution involves solving the Cube layer by layer, in which one layer (designated the top) is solved first, followed by the middle layer, and then the final and bottom layer.

Then, when it was discovered that certain chemicals called chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were causing the depletion of ozone in the atmosphere, the same groups launched a nasty campaign to discredit that science, too.

The net effect of all those harmful actions was excess carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere, holes in the ozone layer over the North and South Poles and rising global temperatures.

(d) The costs, risks and benefits of human activities which may indirectly modify the ozone layer and of the impacts of regulatory actions taken or being considered to control these activities.

Purpose and approach The GEF operates as a mechanism for international cooperation for the purpose of providing new and additional grant and concessional funding to meet the agreed incremental costs of measures to achieve agreed global environmental benefits. The GEF funds the agreed incremental costs in six focal areas climate, biological diversity, international waters, ozone layer depletion, POPs, and land degradation (primarily desertification and deforestation).