Informal retailers could become the suppliers or the customers of formal retailers, or their franchises.

The retail sector includes two main types of retailers store and non store retailers.

The retailers have kind of quashed this notion though.

Producers are also engaging in direct sales to consumers through on line retailing, bypassing retailers.

They are either broad line distributors, dealing with a wide range of products, or product specialized wholesalers.

The importance of cross border trade has been recognized for some time, but with growing e commerce and the related development of more reliable and versatile technology, as well as declining fixed and operating costs, among other factors, it is expected to gain further in prominence.

While the first operates fixed point of sale locations, non store retailers or retailers away from a fixed location reach customers and market merchandise with methods such as broadcasting infomercials , paper and electronic catalogues, door to door solicitation and selling from portable stalls.

Some products enter the market through wholesalers who in turn distribute the products to a variety of retailers, while in other cases the producer sells directly to the retailer.

It employs more than 90 of the workforce and is home to 75 of the retailers.

Further, the Commission's investigation established that Panamco Tica was lending refrigerators to retailers and attaching exclusivity clauses to the contracts, which required retailers to use the refrigerator for Coca Cola products exclusively.

These goods are sold to local consumers via car dealers and a whole chain of traders and retailers.

Retailers have integrated backwards into wholesale operations, and producers have integrated forward, performing wholesale functions by distributing their products directly to retailers.

Distribution services and interests of developing countries in the GATS Distribution services are traded through the four GATS modes of services supply, commercial establishment abroad being the most important one.

In contrast, a retailer has paid no tax on goods under a sales tax system.

Adjustment among small retailers has come through specialization, and the size of the specialty markets in developed countries has allowed for this adjustment to take place, but in the case of developing countries the size of the market may not allow adjustment of small retailers through specialization.

The role of wholesalers in developed countries tends to be more pronounced where small retailers command a larger share of the market, as in the case of Japan.

Growing use by retailers of own brands and discount retailing have also been driving prices down significantly.

In the Colombian market large scale retailers coexist with SMEs, each one serving a different segment of the market.

It takes lots of lawyers and lots of court time, and the retailers decided that would be way too expensive.

Only recently, the share of wholesale sales in developed countries began to decline, since part of the value added has been appropriated by producers and large retailers, to the detriment of wholesalers.

On the fully commercial side, the mobile revolution is creating a logistics revolution in farm to retail marketing.

In the context of a market with a high number of small retailers this practice can be seen as a barrier to entry.

Retailers are able to access and tap different cost structures in different countries and are becoming global.

Small shops play an important role as employers of those who migrate from rural to urban areas, including foreigners, performing a crucial social role that large chains would be unable to perform, since chains require that employees have a certain level of skill.

Small retailers can, however, find niche markets, such as serving convenience needs and local tastes.

The Government has implemented a special programme (PYMECO) to support small retailers through training in management and distribution processes.

Criminal groups attack the websites of web retailers and Internet payment systems, extorting payment to make the attacks cease.

The government can, say, impose zoning regulations, help small retailers find specialized niches in the market, or provide skills training to displaced workers.

Economic Census figures for 2002 show that 48.5 of merchandise sales are made by just 688 businesses ( Big Box retailers).

The size of the retail market in Ecuador might not make it attractive for new entrants, as no leading international retailers are active in the country.

(b) Drive sales of UNICEF cards and gifts with a special focus on broadening their distribution through retailers and the Internet

In 2000, 70 per cent of the global top retailers already operated a transactional web site.

The increased buying power of retailers has emerged through their role in negotiating prices and introducing own brand products.

The growth in concentration in retailing has also given rise to a number of concerns about anti competitive behaviour of major retailers vis à vis other competitors, and abuses of buyers' power with respect to suppliers of products and consumers.

And the sector is already profitable Chinese e tailers are logging margins of 8 10 of earnings before interest, taxes, and amortization, which is slightly larger than the average margin for physical retailers.

The problem is aggravated by the fact that EurepGAP requirements do not only apply to exported produce, but also impact locally sourced products acquired by EUREP retailers for the domestic market in developing countries.

Foreign sales represent a significant share in total sales of the main European retailers.

But does Amazon s success mean that traditional brick and mortar retailers are slackers for not upgrading their stores, or for not building new stores in better locations?

At present most Vietnamese retailers are small, family run outlets, offering a limited choice of products to their customers.

And so a retailer, if you were to go into a wine shop and you had to buy a bottle of wine, and you see them here for eight, 27 and 33 dollars, what would you do?

An interesting development is the agreement reached in 2003 between retailers and their suppliers, setting certain parameters on issues such as prices, sales and advertising campaigns.

In several key sectors such as financial services and retail, China is already more open than Thailand.

Distribution services also involve temporary movement of natural persons. This is particularly important for after sales services and for intra corporate transfers of large distribution networks.

Day Traders of Charity

Anti trust legislation is a guarantee against possible abuses by foreign companies adopting and implementing such legislation should allay local retailers' fears about foreign company presence.