There is, of course, an enormous gap between rich countries, at roughly 40,000 per person, and the poorest, at 1,000 per person or less.

The world annual Gross Domestic Product is about 65 trillion.

Also driving China s high investment rate is the declining efficiency of investment capital, reflected in China s high incremental capital output ratio (annual investment divided by annual output growth).

Indeed, annual real GDP rose by 9 in 2010.

GDP annual average growth for the period of 1995 2002 was 5.1 .

Since the second quarter of 2009, US annualized real GDP growth has averaged 2.4 .

If average annual economic growth is 5 per cent, the average resources needed would only represent 0.6 per cent of annual GDP.

The annual number of housing starts has fallen by 1.2 million units, cutting annual GDP by an additional 250 billion.

Indeed, Japan s debt is now roughly 230 of GDP, higher than that of Greece (175 of GDP) and nearly twice that of Italy (125 of GDP).

This damage could lower annual GDP growth by 1 1.5 for several years to come.

Annual output per person, adjusted for price levels in different parts of the world, averages around 10,000, implying total output of around 67 trillion.

Indeed, while annual US output per hour grew by 6.2 during this period, Swedish productivity rose by 8 .

Annual output will most likely rise by less than 5 this year, down from 6.8 in 2011 and 10.1 in 2010.

In the United States, for example, quarterly output volatility has fallen by more than half since the mid 1980 s.

Even if it manages a soft landing, annual output growth will slow to 5 6 in the coming decades.

In the middle of 2009, the annual drop of the GDP for 2009 was estimated around 3 or 4.3 , a relatively modest decrease.

But, over the same period, annual GDP growth has averaged a modest 3.5 , and productivity growth has slipped into negative territory.

With a debt GDP ratio of 230 , a four percentage point rise in borrowing costs would cause the annual deficit to double, to 20 of GDP.

That means that the world economy is now producing around 70 trillion in total annual output, compared to around 10 trillion in 1960.

Even this year, the consensus got it wrong, expecting a recovery to above trend annual GDP growth faster than 3 .

NEW HAVEN At 7.7 , China s annual GDP growth in the first quarter of this year was slower than many expected.

During the period 2000 to 2003, the annual average rate of economic growth, as measured by the growth of gross domestic product (GDP) was 2.1 per cent.

The government is committed to raising its budgetary expenditures at least by over 0.2 percent of GDP per annum starting FY 2001 02.

The alternative forecast implies that the annual budget deficit at the end of ten years will be back up to 4.7 of GDP, with the debt GDP ratio at 83 and rising.

At any time in history, the debt to annual GDP ratio (including informal debts) would vastly exceed 100 .

This pattern should be a cause for concern, because annual GDP growth in the eurozone during the past decade has averaged about 1 .

From 2003 to 2012, China s annual GDP growth averaged 10.5 , while prices rose by only 3 annually.

The resulting figure is weighted by the gross salary per annum in United States dollars divided by 1,000 (ibid., fourth column) to produce a weighted base figure (ibid., fifth column).

With such low growth, the 3 of GDP ceiling for annual fiscal deficits is no longer compatible with the 60 limit on the debt GDP ratio that the Maastricht Treaty stipulates for the euro countries.

Right now, US inventories held by manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers are valued at around 1.7 trillion or about 10 of annual GDP.

And the preliminary estimate for annual GDP growth in the first quarter of 2012 was a disappointing 2.2 , with only a 1.6 rise in final sales.

Reinhart and Rogoff saw a public debt threshold of 90 of annual GDP, beyond which growth rates fall . in both advanced and emerging economies.

In the US, economic performance improved only marginally in 2012, with annual GDP rising by 2.3 , up from 1.8 in 2011.

Although annual GDP growth was 3 in the fourth quarter of 2011, more than half of that reflected inventory accumulation.

In April 2010, the International Monetary Fund s World Economic Outlook projected 1.8 annual GDP growth in Germany and the Netherlands in 2013.

That shift is likely to mean a slower rate of GDP growth than the annual rate of nearly 10 that China achieved during the last three decades.

Earlier this year, economic forecasters were predicting that annual GDP growth would reach 3 or more in the second half of 2010.

Here in the US, it might seem like an image of our future, as public debt comes perilously close to 100 of annual GDP and continues to rise.

Prior to the explosion, average annual GDP growth in the region had been humming along at 4.6 for a decade, with strong improvement in human development indicators.

In 1980, annual production was around 40,000 tons per year from Brazil alone, and in 1970, Brazil harvested a reported 104,487 tons of nuts.

In the case of Africa, while it recorded a real annual growth in GDP of 4.6 per cent in 2004, the highest in almost a decade, this falls short of the 7 per cent per annum growth rate necessary for attaining the Millennium Development Goals.

Indeed, they may be easily absorbed as long as annual GDP growth remains at 8 9 and, most importantly, as long as local government borrowings are now contained.

This reflects a significant shift from past budgetary performance when anti poverty public expenditures declined by an average of 0.25 percent of GDP per annum, during 1995 2000.

Annual GDP growth in the first three quarters of 2010 averaged only about 2.6 and most of that was just inventory building.

For the last five years, Pakistan s annual GDP growth has averaged just 3 half the rate needed to absorb two million new labor force entrants every year.