(a) Crop production

As part of a survival strategy, crop producers in some countries have substituted traditional cash crops with plants used for the production of narcotics.

That said, many African countries are not self sufficient in food production, relying on income from cash crops to import food.

In 2003, farm production grew in terms of both crops and livestock.

Cash crops for processing and export have been sorely affected.

The livelihood component includes learning processes concerning skills development involving existing alternative sources of income such as abaca fibre production, handicraft making and cash crop production.

More food can be grown, reducing dependency on other countries for food.

Production Olives are one of the most extensively cultivated fruit crops in the world.

Emphasis will be given to crop production and income generating activities in order to enhance self reliance.

Some studies show that women are responsible for 25 of the production of major crops and 30 for food.

Increased production of agricultural crops for non food purposes offers the opportunity to utilize land that would have otherwise been an unexploited resource.

The primary sector owes its dynamism to the sub sectors of cash crops, stock raising and forestry.

By and large, however, commercial or cash crop farming aimed at the export market has been in the ascendant.

The system was designed to empower farmers, increase the yield of crops and reduce costs and pollution.

For the fifth consecutive year, rain shortfalls resulted in crop failure and poor livestock production.

In Sudan, IFAD has funded research into cash and forage crop varieties that are resistant to drought, salinity and poor soil conditions.

It is the key to the worldwide increase in food production since the 1960 s.

Women had succeeded in breaking into male dominated cash crop production, and had benefited from the opportunities brought by community radio stations and multimedia telecommunications centres in rural areas.

The number of farmers reached by such schemes in illicit crop production areas is still insufficient.

Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) is a software system that integrates crop growth models with crop, weather and soil data and estimates potential changes in crop yields and water use.

Cash crops include copra, cattle, coffee and cocoa, which are produced on a smallholder basis.

Ripples from the Zambezi, was a project where we Italians decided to teach Zambian people how to grow food.

These are places where water is so scarce year after year that crop production is marginal at best.

These conditions render the rural population vulnerable to the influence of drug trafficking and increase dependence on illicit crop production.

The purpose is to raise food crop production to the level of importance given to cash crops in most national agriculture policies.

And those who remain in the village can shift over to cash crops to send food to the new growing markets in town.

They have no margin for error, so they need to increase their chances of producing a crop.

Noting that efforts in American Samoa are currently aimed at increasing the production of food crops for local consumption,

In other instances, as family members fall ill, households shift from multi cropping systems that include cash crops, to less labour intensive subsistence farming, jeopardizing their food security.

In third world countries, smallholdings are usually farms supporting a single family with a mixture of cash crops and subsistence farming.

Intercropping. Intercropping really increases income.

The larger the stocks of wood on earth, in the form of living trees or wooden construction material in buildings, the less CO2 there is in the atmosphere and the cooler the earth remains. So, taking land for the production of bio fuels from forests means speeding up global warming, because bio fuel crops store much less carbon than trees.

The result of these advantages is that higher yields of high quality produce are obtained over an extended period of cropping.

Crop production 100,000 100,000 100,000

Involving African women in decision making about crop production turns out to enable environmentally sustainable farming practices.

The threats to sustaining such systems, such as monoculture cash crop production, mineral extraction, environmental contamination and genetically modified seeds and technology, should be addressed.

Producing substantial crop yields without greenhouse gas generation from chemical inputs or intensive fossil fuel use is a challenge.

Both programmes have continued to provide direct assistance to irrigation, water supply, veterinary and crop production projects in each of the 29 provinces.

Harvest contaminated tobacco.

Harvested (crude value)

Foreign investors hope to use large mechanized farms to produce output for export, leaving little or nothing for the local populations.

Drylands include all terrestrial regions where water scarcity limits the production of crops, forage, wood and other ecosystem provisioning services.

The crop prices used by Iran in calculating the value of lost crops are not appropriate for estimating the value of crops that were not, in fact, produced.

In contrast, production of tradeable goods largely based on primary commodities in Africa has tended to work against women, who predominate in the production of non tradeable food crops.

Pressure on water resources due to increased crop intensity brings about increased water resource competition in areas where water resources are scarce.