The seemingly objective top down approach ignores the idiosyncratic nature of risk and assumes that one mortgage loan is like the next.

True, given complex risk factors and idiosyncratic policy preferences, it has been particularly challenging of late to divine the logic underlying big exchange rate swings.

But Chechnya, obliging as it is, is small, poor, and idiosyncratic.

They often criticize belief systems which they believe to be idiosyncratic, bizarre or irrational.

A fundamental requirement of this approach is an open mind, unconstrained by the subject s idiosyncratic dogma.

Of course, Germany fails to recognize that successful monetary unions like the United States have a full banking union with significant risk sharing elements, and a fiscal union whereby idiosyncratic shocks to specific states output are absorbed by the federal budget.

This protected investors from a general sell off of the carry trade and lessened their exposure to idiosyncratic risks.

Israel s current leaders, and a segment of Israeli society, are trapped in an idiosyncratic logic of fear and self centeredness.

Both sides in these disputes usually omit to mention the key idiosyncratic characteristics and specific starting conditions that can make direct comparisons meaningless.

Aside from the usual efficiency arguments, it is just going to become increasingly difficult and costly to maintain complex and idiosyncratic national tax arrangements.

Niyazov forced students, from grammar school to the post graduate level, to make his idiosyncratic book, the Ruhnama , the primary focus of their studies.

So no one in Europe needs to fear that the Czech Republic has some nostalgic or idiosyncratic agenda that it wants to impose on the Union.

Finally, high finance allows for portfolio diversification, so that individual investors can seek high expected returns without being forced to assume large, idiosyncratic risks of bankruptcy and poverty.

GDP risk is a long term risk.

Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti was rapidly dubbed super Mario, and a photomontage in the press depicted him with the idiosyncratic Mohawk hairstyle of Mario Balotelli, the player who scored the two Italian goals.

The chief will be responsible for risk control of the Fund's investments as a whole in terms of portfolio risk, operational risk and compliance risk, and will plan and perform the oversight of performance measurement, investment risk analysis and operational risk analysis, including risk arising from sub adviser and service provider relationships.

As a result, sovereign risk is now becoming banking risk.

The financial products being created didn t manage risk they enhanced risk.

Risk reduction

Risk factors

But I am afraid that something more than stupidity (though less than plain evil) is at work here. Israel s current leaders, and a segment of Israeli society, are trapped in an idiosyncratic logic of fear and self centeredness.

So now economists will have to accept the importance of irrational and often unpredictable behavior, face up to the often idiosyncratic imperfections of markets and accept that an elegant economic theory of everything is a long way off.

And while there is moral hazard risk, there is also meltdown risk.

From this followed an official obligation to treat all types of risk in the monetary union bank risk or government risk as identical.

The point at which credit risk becomes exchange rate redenomination risk is ambiguous.

Then, in early 1980s, when Dr. Frank Sortino developed formal definition of downside risk as a better measure of investment risk than standard deviation, downside risk has become the industry standard for risk management.

Assessment of risk

Africa at Risk

Sovereign Environmental Risk

Risky Risk Management

States of Risk

The Bonus Risk

The Risk Tsunami

Systems at Risk

Youth at risk

Disaster risk reduction

Underlying Risk Factors

(v) Risk management.

Niyazov forced students, from grammar school to the post graduate level, to make his idiosyncratic book, the Ruhnama , the primary focus of their studies. He also isolated Turkmenistan from the outside world, forbidding access to the Internet and discouraging international travel.

This volume of assets allows the Fund to expand its investment frontier and requires it to build up a risk control mechanism, to control comprehensively not only investment risk but also operational risk and technology risk.

The risk premia that financially distressed countries must pay remain high and signal continuing risk.

But it was either risk getting killed by a gun or risk dying of hunger.

(e) Create a risk and compliance section for better risk control of investments and operations

Taking Systemic Risk Seriously

This algorithm quantifies risk.