The ad valorem equivalents emerged as key, as they determine the level of the base rate to which tiered formula cuts will be applied for those products subject to non ad valorem duties.

Technical issues on the market access pillar included the so called gateway issues of converting volume based import duties, non ad valorem tariffs, into value based, ad valorem equivalents, as expressed as the percentage of unit value.

Kee H.L., A. Nicita and M. Olarreaga, Ad Valorem Equivalents of Non Tariff Barriers , unpublished manuscript, World Bank, 2004.

Discussion of the formula for tariff cuts was delayed pending the resolution of the methodology for calculating ad valorem equivalents.

Thus, they should allow easy retrieval of so called ad valorem equivalents (AVEs), also called implicit tariffs or implicit rates of protection.

Other key issues include the treatment of unbound tariffs, ad valorem equivalents, flexibilities for developing countries, participation in sectoral negotiations and trade preferences.

And until the work of Kee, Nicita and Olarreaga, ad valorem equivalent estimates had never been computed in such a systematic and extensive way.

The introduction of an NTB that does not take a price ad valorem form makes the import demand curve shift in a non parallel way.

Other issues relate to the treatment of rates on unbound tariff lines, the extent of the binding coverage, the methodology to be used to the establish the base rate, or final bound rate, and the conversion of specific rates to ad valorem or percentage format.

I solemnly declare that I will perform my duties and exercise my powers as a member of the ad hoc Conciliation Commission honourably, faithfully, impartially and conscientiously.

Coordinating duties

Duties Without Borders

1410 Low duties

1420 High duties

1510 Low duties

1520 High duties

1710 Retaliatory duties

3420 Antidumping duties

3520 Countervailing duties

Segregation of banking duties

Segregation of banking duties

Have you finished your duties?

Regulation 14.2 (separation of duties)

1720 Urgency and safeguard duties

Duties of the Secretary General

Duties of the Secretary General

Duties of the Secretary General

You have to fulfil his duties.

4130 Advance payment of customs duties

Duties of the Secretary General 12 21.

Powers and duties of the Acting Chairperson

Duties of the Secretary General 34 24.

Duties of the Secretary General 103 22.

Duties of the Secretary General 137 22.

Duties of the Secretary General 175 23.

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