Paragraph 3 (a) of article 9 lays down general criteria for functional equivalence between handwritten signatures and electronic signatures.

This phrase provides that electronic signatures that only fulfil these minimum functions will satisfy the requirement of law for signatures.

In order to achieve functional equivalence between handwritten signatures and electronic signatures, there should not be any additional reliability requirement for electronic signatures as contained in paragraph 3 (b) of article 9.

Except for the provisions on certification and electronic signatures.

The Guide to Enactment text discussing the latter article notes that its aim is to promote reliance on electronic signatures for producing legal effect where such electronic signatures are functionally equivalent to handwritten signatures.

(b) Electronic signatures

Signatures, Ratifications, etc.

The Brew environment provides for multiple levels of application signatures.

And so we're getting unique signatures, a fingerprint for each virus.

Questions of proof of the making of the signature (which exist for both handwritten and electronic signatures) should not distort the law on the validity of signatures.

Signatures can then be estimated.

The petition has only gathered for now 2,791 signatures (28 ) so far.

A petition to name the bridge for Kennedy received thousands of signatures.

However, the real problem with electronic signatures was that, without certain safeguards, they could be manipulated more easily than handwritten signatures.

Recognition of foreign certificates and electronic signatures

(a) Signatures, ratifications and accessions under article 38

(o) UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001).

F. UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001)

In the meantime, a petition to 'Free Qatar's Modern Slaves' is looking for a million signatures.

In our view, electronic signatures are merely another form of signature, and should in principle be legally valid as signatures without any special requirements of reliability.

(a) The authenticity of electronic signatures relating to tenders can be established comply with relevant electronic signature legislation, e.g. that based on Model Law on Electronic Signatures

The surrogate signatures were hard to distinguish from the originals.

Common law does not impose any form requirement on signatures.

Certain signatures in some jurisdictions had to be particularly reliable.

This is one of the main reasons why some celebrities will only distribute their signatures for a price.

This will provide parties with the certainty of knowing that the electronic signatures appended by them or being relied upon by them do satisfy the requirement of law for signatures, and therefore would not be denied legal validity on that basis.

She is an active member of the One Million Signatures Campaign.

This expedition was special because it was only the second time reaching the summit was documented through signatures on a mailbox left at the top those signatures would be evidence for the next mountaineers that the previous team made it to the top.

If paragraph 3 (b) of article 9 (and therefore the reliability requirement) is deleted, article 9 will provide that all electronic signatures that fulfil the functions described in paragraph 3 (a) of article 9 will satisfy the requirement of law for signatures.

(f) The number of signatures to the International Declaration on Cleaner Production.

In the other member states, a specified number of signatures is needed.

Malaysia looked forward to further signatures and ratifications in the near future.

The conjunctive requirement in paragraph 3 (a) of article 9 would prevent electronic signatures from satisfying the requirement of law for a signature in such situations where the function of indicating approval of the contents of the electronic communication cannot be fulfilled by such signatures.

Unscrupulous parties could try to invalidate their electronic signatures on grounds of unreliability.

Each stage in a warhead production process has its particular effluents and signatures.

Mindful of the great utility of new technologies used for personal identification in electronic commerce and commonly referred to as electronic signatures,

Therefore, we suggest that article 6 of the Model Law on Electronic Signatures be used as the basis for reformulating paragraph 3.

Model Law on Electronic Signatures of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law

As the fatalities increased, the General began to use letters with pre printed signatures.

A citizens' initiative of this kind will require one million signatures, obtained in different countries.

So far more than 900 people signed the petition which aims to target 50,000 signatures.

The Charter had over 800 signatures by the end of 1977, including workers and youth.

The UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures (2001) addresses the issue, as its name suggests.

Its basic objection was that there was no requirement of reliability in the general law of signatures. If a reliability requirement were to be included in the law of electronic signatures, two sets of law would be created.

His country had based its own Basic Electronic Transaction Act and Electronic Signatures Act of 1999 on the UNCITRAL Model Laws on Electronic Commerce and on the Electronic Signatures, thus demonstrating its commitment to the Commission's goals and guidelines.