Absent international coordination, the opportunities for destructive regulatory competition will defeat regulatory reform.

The OECD has also adopted instruments dealing with competition promoting regulatory reform.

They recognize that policy and regulation in member economies may have objectives other than promoting competition and that exemptions from and exceptions to a competition driven regulatory framework may be necessary.

Previously autonomous regulatory bodies (such as the competition authority) have been quietly subordinated to the government, with no debate or discussion.

APEC countries have elaborated guidelines based on the principles of non discrimination, comprehensiveness, transparency and accountability. The APEC Principles to Enhance Competition and Regulatory Reform are voluntary and non binding and emphasize cooperation in competition enforcement.

But the degree to which the authorities will be able to push for more competition in banking will depend crucially on the regulatory framework.

Some theories also consider underlying institutional factors like property rights, market competition, tax and regulatory burdens, and the level of the rule of law.

These recommendations relate inter alia to the completion of agreements with other regulatory bodies to ensure consistent application of competition policy in regulated sectors more attention to non merger matters and competition advocacy and enhanced resources and training.

Recognizing the challenges of introducing competition, the Government has set up regulatory agencies in the communications and energy sectors. South Africa has begun to develop an institutional infrastructure in response to competition and the privatization of various services and utilities.

He pointed to the need for regulatory action to ensure that corporate contributions benefited the local economy and mentioned the role of competition policy in this regard.

Regulatory issues

Regulatory action

partnership regulatory

Closer regulatory cooperation may also help the US and the EU to confront what business leaders view as increasingly unfair competition from China both at home and abroad.

Mr. Albert Gore, Vice President of the United States, had encouraged Governments to promote private investment, competition, flexible regulatory frameworks, access to information networks and universal network service.

Other regulatory controls

1. Regulatory framework

regulatory government guidance

regulatory voluntary action

Consideration should also be given to underlying market conditions, which were influenced by the availability of appropriate products and services, sufficient infrastructure and government regulatory policy such as competition regulations.

Competition policy, legislative and regulatory frameworks, telecommunication infrastructure, research and education policy are all factors that influence to what extent SMEs are prepared to enter the global market (OECD 2004).

Competition?

Legal and regulatory environment3

Regulatory and control framework

regulatory 0.15MtC (incl. business)

The world s richer countries created their regulatory infrastructure over generations, during a time when there was little direct global competition. Emerging markets need to create theirs in a greatly compressed timeframe.

Regulatory competition thus degenerates into a race to the bottom, since the benefits of lax regulation translate into profits at home, while the losses lie with bank creditors around the world.

It encourages competition, but competition with respect for others.

Same for competition. Competition is not on the canvass.

Competition advocacy

One, competition.

The Harm of Regulatory Disharmony

Regulatory philosophies are converging, too.

Franchising poses particular regulatory challenges.

2.1 Legislative and regulatory provisions

H. Deregulation and regulatory reform

2. Environmental policy mechanisms regulatory

(e) Legal and regulatory framework

Regulatory support activities aim at strengthening the capability of national regulatory agencies through training, the development of regulatory guidelines and methodologies, and through informational and material support.

The Anglophone strategy focuses on freeing up the remittance market by encouraging competition, relaxing regulatory constraints for non bank operators, offering financial incentives, encouraging technical and financial innovation, and stimulating collaboration among market players.

The draft COMESA Competition Regulations apply to all economic activity whether conducted by private or public entities and have primary jurisdiction over industries or sectors, which are the subject of a separate regulatory entity.

The Competition Factor

(e) Logo competition.

Competition related issues

Competition related issues