Their exports today face a variety of barriers in their major markets, including non tariff trade barriers and other non tariff measures.

CATEGORIES USED IN THE WTO's MOST RECENT INVENTORY OF NON TARIFF MEASURES

Non Tariff Barriers

Negotiating Group on Market Access, Overview of Proposals Submitted, Non Tariff Measures , WTO doc.

The negotiations should take a balanced view of both tariff and non tariff measures, and also maintain the spotlight on technology transfer.

(i) By the use of tariff or non tariff barriers and

Market access Tariffs and non tariff barriers

(b) Ad hoc expert groups an ad hoc expert group will be convened on methodologies for estimating tariff equivalents of non tariff measures and implications for developing countries (1994).

It will also take up non tariff barriers.

An amount of 38,700 is requested to provide for one expert group meeting to assist the secretariat in devising methodologies for estimating tariff equivalents of non tariff measures and implications for developing countries.

Over the past 25 years, Indonesia had adopted various stabilization programmes and fiscal, monetary and financial reform measures and had encouraged deregulation of foreign trade, the rollback of non tariff barriers and tariff reforms.

Improving market access involved not only tariff reduction but also relaxation of non tariff barriers and rules of origin.

However, more work is needed to find or create the appropriate tariff headings and to address non tariff barriers.

Methodologies, Classifications, Quantification and Development Impacts of Non Tariff Barriers

However, for them to take full advantage of such initiatives, enhanced market access for LDC exports should entail not only tariff reductions but also more flexibility regarding both non tariff measures and rules of origin.

A restructured multilateral trade system must be based on fairer and more equitable rules, gradual elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers and, above all, the avoidance of unfair competition, unilateral restrictions and protectionist measures.

NAMA It was recognized that all countries have a positive interest in seeking the reduction of tariff peaks and tariff escalation, as well as non tariff barriers.

Others stressed that the Doha Round should facilitate market access through appropriate tariff measures, scaling back of non tariff barriers, and agreement on rules of origin that are more cognizant of the conditions of these countries.

Categories used in the WTO's most recent inventory of non tariff

The Doha Ministerial Declaration (DMD) called for the reduction or, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers to EGS.

Tariff and non tariff barriers on trade among African countries often remain a major obstacle to increased intraregional or subregional trade.

7. As for non agricultural products, we call for reduction or, as appropriate, removal of non tariff barriers, tariff peaks, high tariffs and tariff escalation to enhance market access, in particular for products of export interest to developing countries.

There was need for the reduction and or elimination of export subsidies, domestic support, tariff peaks and escalation, and non tariff barriers.

It is therefore important to examine whether government policies to promote renewable energy may be disciplined as non tariff measures, and if so, to what extent.

They may increase the import cost in a fashion similar to tariff measures.

We call for better access to markets, in particular preferential markets with lowered tariff and non tariff barriers to trade with industrialized countries.

Tariff and non tariff barriers in developed countries, combined with the non implementation of commitments undertaken with respect to development financing and debt alleviation for developing countries, further aggravate the situation.

Item 3. Methodologies, classifications, quantification and development impacts of non tariff barriers (NTBs)

State management of foreign trade was based exclusively on the application of the internationally accepted means and instruments of tariff and non tariff regulation.

Nevertheless, scope remains for the liberalization and rationalization of tariffs in non agricultural goods, particularly for the removal of tariff bias, tariff escalation and tariff peaks affecting developing country exports in their major markets.

NTBs are broadly classified into six chapters, from 3 to 8 (chapters 1 and 2 are reserved for tariff and para tariff measures respectively), according to the intent or immediate impact of the measures

The agricultural sector is protected through high tariffs, tariff picks, tariff escalation and non tariff barriers in many developed countries, and market access is often denied to products from developing countries, including landlocked developing countries.

In this regard it is urgent to eliminate high tariffs, tariff picks, tariff escalation, non tariff barriers, export subsidies and to substantially reduce trade distorting domestic support for protecting the agricultural sector of developed countries.

Urged that the remaining non tariff barriers to intra PTA trade be dismantled immediately

He urged the developed countries to remove tariff and non tariff barriers and to abolish subsidies which hindered the import of commodities from the developing countries.

As in all previous rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the Uruguay Round led to the elimination of tariff and non tariff trade barriers.

Tariffs have fallen, although non tariff barriers and preferential agreements have been on the rise.

These opportunities also include some specific export subsidies, non actionable subsidies and certain tariff increases.

41. Non tariff barriers (NTBs) in the Asia and Pacific region demonstrate some interesting features.

Finally, subparagraph 31(iii) of the Doha Ministerial Declaration deals with the reduction or, as appropriate, elimination of tariff and non tariff barriers to environmental goods and services.

quot (b) Trade distorting policies and practices, including tariff and non tariff barriers, tariff escalation and obstacles to competition influence negatively the ability of developing countries to diversify their exports and undertake the requisite restructuring of their commodity sector

With the reduction in tariffs, non tariff barriers are increasingly becoming front stage market access concerns.

Non tariff barriers (e.g. quotas, sanitary and phytosanitary barriers) also make it hard to plan ahead.

Demonstrated conformity to those standards and norms can offer enhanced market access, while non compliance can pose an effective non tariff barrier.

In 2003, the average US tariff on imports from LDCs was almost three times as high as the average tariff on non preferential imports into the US market (1.59 ).