The world market prices oil according to its opportunity cost.

The market price of anything is always equal to the marginal cost.

It is a social discipline, and society has other means of cost accounting beside market prices.

The use of market standards would facilitate and reduce the cost of future global system integration.

The IMF would be using real resources to subsidize the market until private market makers saw it as attractive to provide those services at comparable cost.

A well functioning allowance market with broad participation and pricing that reflects underlying fundamentals reveals this latter cost.

This is powered by low cost VSAT technology, aggressively trying to reach farmers to bring them into the market.

The most cost efficient way to achieve the 20 target would be to operate a single, EU wide carbon market, which would cost the EU about 96 billion annually by 2020.

In contrast, a compatible kidney sold on the global black market can cost in excess of 160,000 in some cases.

The private sector has typically stayed out, owing to long cost recovery periods, small market size, and lack of consumer credit.

It produces 50 60 dramas a month its value chain produces faster service at low cost and it understands its market.

This made generalization difficult. The main drivers of OFDI included system escape, the search for market and efficiency, and cost reduction.

Firms can readily compare their cost of abating an extra ton of emissions with the cost of the allowance required if that ton is released into the atmosphere. A well functioning allowance market with broad participation and pricing that reflects underlying fundamentals reveals this latter cost.

Java ME may offer a lower cost to market because most carriers allow non certified Java ME applications to run on their phones.

The market vacuum caused by the exit of Chinese products would probably be filled quickly by other low cost countries like Vietnam and India.

In a push to reduce the cost of borrowing, the Fed purchased long term assets in the market, injecting liquidity into the financial system.

Firms, especially in sectors sheltered from international competition, have retained market power and have increased prices in response to the rising cost of capital.

Pull factors relate to location specific advantages of the host countries such as market potential, low cost labour, incentives, investment opportunities, technology and skills.

For example, price controls, rather than lowering prices, often cause scarcity and the emergence of a black market in which controlled commodities cost significantly more.

... exporters can offer US surpluses for sale at prices around half the cost of production destroying local agriculture and creating a captive market in the process.

New mills, meanwhile, lowered the cost of bringing domestic rice to market, so that consumers now still pay about the same for rice as they always have.

There may be a temptation to undertake economic studies of market behaviour pricing, for example, or cost structures in order to find conduct that suggests cartel activity.

However, a business consulting firm calculated the entire U.S. market for mobile telephones at 100,000 units and the entire worldwide market at no more than 200,000 units based on the ready availability of pay telephones and the high cost of constructing cell towers.

In assessing the reasonableness of the costs claimed for the vaccinations, the Panel considers it appropriate to compare the unit cost per dosage claimed by Iran against the unit cost per dosage for each type of vaccine in the international market in 1990 and 1991.

Why should emerging market countries central banks undertake this peculiar financial intermediation, which represents a major cost, as the yield of private funds is higher than that of reserves?

In the past, the US brought a large open market, foreign direct investment, and technology, while China supplied low cost labor intensive components in key global manufacturing supply chains.

Unfortunately, the chinese textile industry has now injected the local market with cheaper fabrics at a cost with which we cannot compete if we wish to sustain our workers.

These loans are held at a minimum interest rate equal to the cost of government borrowing plus 0.25 , which would be below market rates available to Airbus without government support.

These loans are held at a minimum interest rate equal to the cost of government borrowing plus 0.25 , which would be below market rates available to Airbus without government support.

(b) Within market tolerance, increase managerial flexibility and alignment of structure with demand by converting fixed costs into project based variable costs where feasible, while containing the overall cost structure.

Even the Bank of England has asked whether, given the cost of mopping up the mess caused by the latest crisis, it is worth playing host to a global financial market.

Cost

2005 18 UNDP strategic cost management and implications for cost recovery

Since China is the obvious market for these minerals, it would make sense for China to encourage continued American engagement by making a significant contribution to the cost of training the Afghan army.

This idea is lost in today s cost accounting for universities, which treats what transpires between teacher and student in the classroom as akin to what happens between producer and consumer in the market.

The variance under this heading is attributable to the lower actual cost of 21 binoculars (12 replacement and 9 additional) for the civilian police personnel owing to favourable prices obtained on the market.

Cost estimate

Total cost

Cost effectiveness

The pool is already working today, two months later, with generic manufacturers to make sure that this product can go to market at low cost where and when it is needed. This is unprecedented.

First, they can improve value for money (in that better value for money can be achieved through a competitive market price, and substantial cost savings can be realized through dynamic and real time trading).

The harsh reality is that emerging market policymakers have little choice but to manage actively the process of liberalization in order to improve the cost benefit tradeoff, rather than to try fighting against the inevitable.

How can the need for large foreign exchange reserves experienced by emerging market developing countries to provide self insurance against volatility in international trade and financial flows, and the cost of those reserves, be reduced?

Item 4 Market access, market entry and competitiveness

A retrospective on 40 years shows that if we had accounted for these costs the cost of loss of topsoil, the cost of loss of waterways, the lost productivity, the loss to local communities as a result of all these factors, desertification and so on those costs are almost twice as much as the market price of timber.